Chapter M: Muscles And Joints Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Buccinator
A
Located in the fleshy part of the check
2
Q
Bucc/o
A
Cheek
3
Q
Temporal
A
Located above and near the ear
4
Q
Tempor/o
A
Temporal
5
Q
Masseter
A
Located at the angle of the jaw
Raises the mandible and closes the jaw
Used when biting and chewing
6
Q
Sternoceidomastoid
A
Extends from the sternum upward along the side of the neck to the mastoid process
Sometimes called sternomastoids
7
Q
Stern/o
A
Sternum
8
Q
Mastoid/o
A
Mastoid process
9
Q
Trapezius
A
Triangular- shaped muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder, covers the back of the neck, and inserts on the clavicle and scapula
10
Q
Latissimus dorsi
A
Originates from the vertebrae of the lower back, crosses the lower half of the thoracic region, and pusses between the humerus and scapula to insert on the anterior surface of the humerus
11
Q
Dors/o
A
Back
12
Q
pectoralis Major
A
Large, fan-shaped muscle
Crosses the upper part of the front of the chest
Originates from the sternum and crosses over to the humerus
Forms the antenor borderof the axilla (armpit)
13
Q
Pector/o
A
Chest
14
Q
Deltoid
A
Covers the shoulder joints
15
Q
Biceps brachii
A
Has two heads
Both originate from the scapula and insert on the radius
16
Q
Triceps brachii
A
Has three heads
Originate from the scapula and the humerus and insert onto the Olecranon process of the ulna (at the elbow)
17
Q
Gluteus Maximus
A
Forms most of the fleshy part of the buttock
Large muscle that otters support when an individual is standing
18
Q
Gluteus medius
A
Small muscle located above the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus Maximus muscle
19
Q
Quadriceps femoris
A
Four muscles of the thigh
20
Q
Hamstring muscles
A
Responsible for flexing the leg on the thigh and extending the thigh
21
Q
Gastrocnemius
A
Main muscle of the calf
22
Q
tibialis anterior
A
Positioned on the front of the leg
23
Q
Arthralgia
A
Pain the joints
Symptoms present in many joint diseases
24
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
25
-Algia
Pain
26
Ataxia
Without muscular coordination
27
A-
Without, not
28
Tax/o
Order
29
-ia
Condition
30
Atrophy
Wasting away
Without development
31
Troph/o
Development
32
-y
Noun ending
33
Bradykinesia
Abnormally slow movement
34
Brady-
Slow
35
- kinesia
Movement
36
Cardiac muscle
Specialized type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart
Type of involuntary muscle
37
Cardi/o
Heart
38
-Ac
Pertaining to
39
Contract / contraction
A reduction in size, especially muscle fibers
40
Contracture
An abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position
41
Dyskinesia
A condition in which there is impairment of voluntary movement
Bad or difficult movement
42
Dys-
Bad, difficult, painful, disordered
43
Kines/o
Movement
44
-ia
Condition
45
Epicondylitis
Painful inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
Tennis elbow
46
Epi-
Upon, over
47
Condyl/o
Condyle
48
Fascia
Thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue the penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together
49
Fibromyalgia
A chronic condition that is characterized by widespread muscle and pain throughout the body, muscle spasms, fatigue, and muscle stiffness
50
Fibr/o
Fiber
51
My/o
Muscle
52
hemiparesis
Slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body
53
Hemi-
Half
54
-paresis
Paralysis
55
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one half of the body
56
Insertion
The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves
57
Involuntary muscles
Muscles that act without conscious control
Controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones
58
Muscle fibers
Name given to the individual muscle cell
59
Myocele
Herniations of muscle through the muscular sheath (fascia) surrounding it
60
-cele
Swelling or herniation
61
Myoparesis
Slight or partial paralysis of a muscle
62
Origin
The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less moveable
63
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower extremities of the body
Usually one to spinal cord injuries
64
Para-
Hear, beside, beyond, two like parts
65
Pelvic girdle weakness
Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle
Muscle that extends the hip and the knee
66
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
A form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle tilers degeneration without evidence of nerve improvement or degeneration of nerve tissue
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
67
Pseud/o
False
68
Hyper-
Excessive
69
Troph/o
Development
70
-ic
Pertaining to
71
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extenmities and the trunk of the body
72
Quadr/I
Four
73
Sacropenia
Loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging
74
Sarc/o
Flesh
75
-Penia
Decrease in
Deficiency
76
Skeletal muscle
Muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton
77
Smooth muscle
Muscles sound in the walls of hollow organs and tubes
Also known as visceral muscles
Act involuntary
78
Striated muscle
Muscles that have a striped appearance when viewed under a microscope
79
Tendon
Strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from a muscle attaching it to the bone
80
Torso
Trunk
81
Trunk
Main part of the body
Also called torso
82
Muscular dystrophy
Group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles
83
Polymyositis
Chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles
Characterized by muscle weakness of hips and arms and degeneration (atrophy)
84
Rotator cuff tear
A tear in the muscle that form a "cuff"' over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus)
85
Strains
Injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from over stretching, overextension, or misuse
Muscle pull
86
Muscle biopsy
Extraction ot a specimen Of muscle tissue, through either a biopsy needle or an incisional biopsy, for the purpose of examining it under a microscope
87
Electromyography
Process of recording the strength of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electrical current
88
Electr/o
Electrical, electricity
89
-Graphy
The process of recording
90
IM
Intramuscular
91
MD
Muscular dystrophy
92
DTR
Deep tendon reflexes
93
EMG
Electromyography
94
Fibrous joint
The surfaces of the bones tit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue
Suture between the skull bones
Immovable joint
95
Cartilaginous joint
Bones are connected by cartilage
As in the symphysis (joints between the pubs bones of the pelvis)
Allows limited movement
96
Synovial joint
Bones have space between them called the joint cavity
97
Hinge joints
Allows movement in one direction
Back-and-forth type of motion
Example would be the elbow
98
Ball-and-socket joint
Allows movement in many directions around a central area
Examples are the shoulder joint and the hip joint
99
Flexion
Bending motion
Decreases the angle between two bones
100
Extension
Straightening motion
Increases the angle between tho bones
101
Abduction
Movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
102
Adduction
Movement of a bone toward the midline Of the body
103
Rotation
Movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis
104
Supination
Act of turning the palm upon forward
105
Pronation
Act of turning the palm down or backward
106
Dorsiflexions
The foot narrows the angle between the leg and the top of the foot
107
Plantar flexion
The foot increases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot
108
Circumduction
Movement of an extremity around in a circular motion
Can be performed with a ball-and-socket joint
109
Arthralgia
Joint pain
110
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones
111
Articulation
The point at which two bones come together
A joint
112
Bunion
Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
113
Bunionectomy
Surgical removal of a bunion
Removing the bony overgrowth and the bursa
114
Bursa
A small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur
115
Burs/o
Bursa
116
Closed manipulation
The manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision
Closed reduction
117
Crepitation
Clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement
118
Ganglionectomy
Surgical removal of a ganglion
119
Joint cavity
The space between two connecting bones
120
Kyphosis
Humpback
121
Kyph/o
Humpback
Pertaining to a hump
122
Ligaments
Connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint
123
Malaise
A vague feeling of weakness
124
Needle aspiration
The insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of withdrawing fluid
125
Photosensitivity
Increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
126
Sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, marked by pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg
127
Subluxation
An incomplete dislocation
128
Suture
An immovable joint
129
Synovial fluid
A thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints
130
Synovial membrane
The lining of a synovial joint cavity
131
Viscous
Sticky
Gelatinous
132
Adhesive capsulitis
Shoulder condition characterized by stiffness of the shoulder, limited shoulder movement, and pain
"Frozen shoulder"
133
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
134
Ankylosing spondylitis
Type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
135
Bunion (hallux valgus)
Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
136
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint
137
Ganglion
Cystic tumor developing on a tendon
Sometimes occurring on the back of the wrist
138
Gout
Form of acute arthritis that is most often characterizes by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe
139
Herniated disk
Rupture of the control portion, or nucleus, of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal cord
Herniated nucleus pulposus
140
Lyme disease
Acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick
141
Osteoarthritis
Most common form of arthritis
Results from wear tear and on the joints
Degenerative joint disease
142
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple ants of the body
143
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Chronic inflammatory connective - tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other lungs
144
Arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis
145
Arthrogram
X-ray of a joint after infection of a contrast medium
146
Arthrography
Process of X-raying that inside of a joint after a contrast medium has been injected into the joint
147
Arthroplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a joint
148
Arthroscopy
Visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope
149
Rheumatoid factor
Blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number Of connective tissue diseases
150
Erythrocytes sed rate
Blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tune filled with unclotted blood
