Chapter 11

Question 1

23 pairs= 46 total (unsomatic cells)
22 pairs = autsomes (have nothing to do with sex but do deal with traits for ex.)
Last pair of chromosomes deals with sex cells — x,y -means boy. x,x means girl

Question 2

transmission of traits from one generation to nex

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

study of heredity and variation

Answer 3

Genetics

Question 4

Units of heredity, made up of segments of DNA

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

Genes are passed to the next generation by these. These are sex cells.

Answer 5

Gametes

Question 6

Gametes are also known as what? Somatic cells are also known as what?

Answer 6

Haploids, diploid

Question 7

Human somatic cells have how many pairs of chromosomes?

Answer 7

23

Question 8

ordered display of chromosome pairs

Answer 8

Karyotype

Question 9

union of gametes

Answer 9

Fertilization

Question 10

fertilized egg

Answer 10

zygote

Question 11

Gametes are produced by what?

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Members of the same chromosome pairs. Are not identical but code for the same information.
Ex–>brown eyes, blue eyes. Info is same with eye color. Just stated a different color and different parent has different trait.

Answer 12

homologous/homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Like mitosis this is preceded by what?

Answer 13

chromosome replication

Question 14

Has two “rounds” of division (meiosis 1 and meiosis 2). Nuclear division that creates haploid cells (sex cells)

Answer 14

Meiosis

Question 15

Before meiosis the nucleus divides and it still must do what?

Answer 15

copy your DNA

Question 16

The two cell divisions result in how many daughter cells, instead of two daughter cells in mitosis?

Answer 16

4 daughter cells

Question 17

Each daughter cell in meiosis has only how many chromosomes as the parent cell?

Answer 17

Only has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 18

What are the three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation?

Answer 18

1.) Independent assortment of chromosomes
2.) Crossing over
3.) Random fertilization

Question 19

Homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis.

Answer 19

Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. Only during prophase I.

Answer 20

Crossing Over

Question 21

Any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg)

Answer 21

Random Fertilization

Question 22

Cells in ovary/testes. Is diploid (full set- 23 chromosome pairs)

Answer 22

Interphase

Question 23

Grows, decides to divide

Answer 23

G1 phase

Question 24

DNA copies

Answer 24

S phase

Question 25

cell checks itself

Answer 25

G2 phase

Question 26

Separate homologous (members of same species)

Answer 26

Meiosis I

Question 27

nucleus dissolves, spindle fibers form, DNA condenses. Sister chromatids and homologous associate

Answer 27

Prophase I

Question 28

Sister chromatids and homologous in middle of cell

Answer 28

Metaphase I

Question 29

homologous are ones who pull apart

Answer 29

Anaphase I

Question 30

nucleus forms (2); spindle fibers dissolve; decondense (spread back out)

Answer 30

Telophase I

Question 31

Division of cytoplasm.

Answer 31

Cytokinesis

Question 32

Made 2 cells. Two cells are not th same/not identical. Not the cells you started with. Not reduced the amount of chromosomes. so.. you have to do it again

Answer 32

Cytokenesis

Question 33

divide nucleus but goal is to separate the copies/sister chromatids (big blue from big blue)

Answer 33

Meiosis II

Question 34

Nucleus dissolves, DNA condenses, spindle fibers form, sister chromatids are linked/associate

Answer 34

Prophase II

Question 35

sister chromatids are in middle of cell

Answer 35

Metaphase II

Question 36

sister chromatids get pulled apart ( blue and blue split)

Answer 36

Anaphase II

Question 37

gonna have 4 nucleus reforms (4)

Answer 37

Telophase II

Question 38

4 cells are made to turn into egg or sperm. 4 haploid cells. not identical

Answer 38

Cytokinesis

Question 39

Consider an organism whose karyotype shows it to have a total of 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be contained in the sperm of this organism? A.) 23 B.) 30 C.) 46 D.) 60 E.) 90

Answer 39

B.) 30

Question 41

_________ separate during anaphase I.

Answer 41

homologous chromsomes

Question 42

Chromosomes are replicated during the _________ phase. A.) G1 B.) G2 C.) S D.) M E. ) Meta

Answer 42

C.) S