Chapter 2

Question 1

What do atoms join together to make?

Answer 1

Molecules

Question 2

What are the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

Answer 2

Atoms

Atoms can be broken down into its parts: Subatomic Particles

Question 3

What are the parts atoms can be broken down into?

Answer 3

Subatomic Particles

Neutrons: no electrical charge
Protons: positive, in nucleus
Electrons: negative, in cloud (outside of nucleus)

Question 4

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 4

number of protons

Carbon (C) example: atomic # = 6 (number of protons)

Question 5

What is the calculation for atomic mass?

Answer 5

protons + neutrons

calculation: atomic mass = (number of protons + neutrons)

Question 6

Revert to Ch.2 Notes to know how to calculate atomic mass and chemical bonds—> turn flascard

Answer 6

atoms will form molecules because outer shell is not full

inner shell: any holds 2
outer shell: only hold 8

Question 7

What type of chemical bonds involve shared electrons and are atoms held together by shared electrons?

Answer 7

Covalent Bonds

Question 8

What do neutrons equal? Protons? And Electrons? Which ones are inside or outside the nucleus

Answer 8

Neutrons: no electrical charge
Protons: positive, in nucleus
Electrons: negative, in cloud (outside of nucleus)

Question 9

Electrons are not 50/50. Atoms do not share electrons equally.
Example: H2O water *** look at notes for example

Answer 9

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 10

positive & negative attract each other & create this. 2 molecules

Answer 10

Hydrogen Bond

Question 11

only go in 1 direction

Answer 11

Irreversible reactions

Question 12

<—>

Answer 12

Reversible reactions

Question 13

Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Made of elements.

Answer 13

Matter

Question 14

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Answer 14

Elements

Question 15

Substances composed of two or more elements bonded together.

Answer 15

Compounds

Question 16

Elements needed by an organism to live a healthy life and reproduce.

C, H, O, N make up 96% of living matter.

Answer 16

Essential Elements

Question 17

The ability to cause change.

Answer 17

Energy

Question 18

Energy that matter has because of its location or structure.

Answer 18

Potential energy

Question 19

Atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons.

Answer 19

Isotopes

Question 20

The atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond; the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons

Answer 20

Electronegativity

Question 21

Attraction between anion and cation. Where atom gives bond.

Answer 21

Ionic bonds

Question 22

Required in only minute quantities

Answer 22

Trace Elements

Question 23

electrons in the outer shell.

Answer 23

Valence electrons

Question 24

What is a positively charged ion? What is a negatively charged ion?

Answer 24

Positive—> cation
Negative —> anion

Question 25

Atoms share electrons equally

Answer 25

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 26

Making and breaking of chemical bonds.

Answer 26

Chemical reactions

Question 27

Starting molecules of chemical reactions

Answer 27

Reactants

Question 28

The final molecules of a chemical reaction

Answer 28

Product

Question 29

Cohesive behavior. Ability to moderate temperature. Expansion upon freezing. Versatility as a solvent.

Answer 29

Emergent Properties of Water

Question 30

liquid that is a homogenous mixture of substances

Answer 30

Solution

Question 31

Dissolving agent, usually water

Answer 31

Solvent

Question 32

Substance that is dissolved

Answer 32

Solute

Question 33

Water molecules are linked by multiple hydrogen bonds. Water molecules stay close together

Answer 33

Cohesion

Question 34

Water sticks to other substances

Answer 34

Adhesion

Question 35

Measure of H ions

Answer 35

pH scale Acids—> increase H concentration Bases—> reduce H concentration

Question 36

Which of the following subatomic particles is found in an orbital? A.) Electron B.) Hydrogen C.) Proton D.) Neutron

Answer 36

B.) Electrons

Question 37

Ions with a net negative charge are called _________, while ions with a net positive charge are called __________. A.) electrons; protons B.) anions; cations C.) acids; bases D. cations; anions E.) polar; nonpolar

Answer 37

B.) anions; cations

Question 38

What is an atom that has different numbers of neutrons?

Answer 38

Isotope

Question 39

AN atom that has a different number of electrons are?

Answer 39

ions

Question 40

What ions give away electrons? What ions are electrons that are negative and receive the electron?

Answer 40

1.)cation 2.) anion