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BIO-111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Atoms joined together

Example: Water, carbohydrates, proteins, methane

A

Molecules

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3
Q

Parts of cells

Example: Mitochondria, nucleus

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Unit of life (smallest thing to be alive)

Example: Skin cells, heart cells

A

Cells

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5
Q

Bunch of cells joined together

Example: Humans have various amounts of this

A

Tissues

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6
Q

Parts such as lungs, heart, brain

Example: have specific functions in the body

A

Organs

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7
Q

One living thing

Example: Human, dog, tree

A

Organism

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8
Q

Members of the same species

Example: birds in a forest

A

Population

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9
Q

Different living things

Example: Various species in a forest ecosystem

A

Community

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10
Q

Living + non-living things

Example: Rainforest, desert ecosystem

A

Ecosystem

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11
Q

All ecosystems on earth

Example: Earth’s biosphere includes various habitats and environments

A

Biosphere

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12
Q

A way of thinking about the natural world

Example: Scientific method is used in all science classes

A

Science

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13
Q

How living things are organized: (10)

A

1.) Molecules
2.) Organelles
3.) Cells
4.) Tissues
5.) Organs
6.) Organism
7.) Population
8.) Community
9.) Ecosystem
10.) Biosphere

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14
Q

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life. Arise because of interactions.
Example: sexual reproduction would be at the level of population because it includes the cooperation of more than 1 living thing

A

Emergent Properties

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15
Q

What is the first step of the Scientific Method?

A

Observation: dog was acting weird + not eating her breakfast

Example sentence: The first step in the Scientific Method is to make an observation.

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16
Q

What is the second step of the Scientific Method?

A

Question: why is my dog acting weird?

Example sentence: The second step in the Scientific Method is to form a question based on the observation.

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17
Q

What is the third step of the Scientific Method?

A

Hypothesis: sick, sad, medication?

Example sentence: The third step in the Scientific Method is to propose a hypothesis based on the question.

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18
Q

What is the fourth step of the Scientific Method?

A

Experiment: Give dog medication for 3 months + write how she behaves

Example sentence: The fourth step in the Scientific Method is to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.

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19
Q

What is the fifth step of the Scientific Method?

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A

Collect Data: gather info collected

Example sentence: The fifth step in the Scientific Method is to collect data from the experiment.

20
Q

What is the sixth step of the Scientific Method?

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A

Conclusion: medication does make her feel weird after it’s given

Example sentence: The final step in the Scientific Method is to draw a conclusion based on the data collected.

21
Q

Who developed the Phylogenetic Tree and identified six kingdoms of living organisms?

Study These Flashcards
A

Carl Woese

Example sentence: Carl Woese developed the Phylogenetic Tree and identified six kingdoms of living organisms.

22
Q

What are the six kingdoms of living organisms according to Carl Woese?

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A

1) Animalia 2) Plantae 3) Fungi 4) Protista 5) Archaea 6) Bacteria

Example sentence: Carl Woese classified living organisms into six kingdoms.

23
Q

What are the three domains of life according to Carl Woese?

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A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Example sentence: Carl Woese identified three domains of life based on the six kingdoms.

24
Q

Prokaryotic cells with microbes that lack ,membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles

Study These Flashcards
A

Bacteria + Archaea

25
Contains the eukaryotes and includes unicellular microorganisms (protists), together 3 remaining kingdoms (fungi, plants, and animals) Example: sunflower and lion
Eukarya
26
Can give clues about what an organism does and how it works.
Structure and Function
27
A cell's genetic material - DNA This contain a cell's genetic material, which is DNA.
Chromosomes
28
Involves DNA producing RNA, which then makes proteins.
Gene Expression
29
explains the inevitable change in populations of organisms over time. It explains all of our similarities and differences
Evolution
30
Who proposed the Theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin Charles Darwin proposed the Theory of Natural Selection, also known as 'descent with modification.'
31
What is a theory supported by in comparison to a hypothesis?
A large body of evidence ## Footnote A theory is supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis.
32
Units of inheritance, DNA
Genes
33
Life requires the transfer of energy through what:
- Input of energy (usually sun) and transformation of energy make life possible *Photosynthesis converts sun’s energy to chemical energy (sugar) *Passed from consumers to producers
34
A suggested explanation for an event, which one can test. Can be verified through theory.
Hypothesis
35
A tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.
Theory
36
Fields of science related to the physical world. "hard science" that relies on use of quantitative data. Ex--> astronomy, biology, chemistry, earth science, physics. Can be divided into life sciences and physical sciences.
Natural Sciences
37
Study living things (biology)
life sciences
38
Study nonliving matter (astronomy, geology, chemistry, physics)
physical sciences
39
Inductive, aims to observe, explore, and discover.
Descriptive (or discovery) science
40
Deductive, begins with specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test.
Hypothesis-based science
41
What is the order of the Scientific Method?
1.) Observation 2.) Question 3.) Hypothesis 4.) Experiment 5.) Collect Data 6.) Conclusion
42
Start with a problem to solve...leading to a question. Example: On Monday morning, a student arrives at class and quickly discovers that the classroom is too warm. That is an observation that also describes a problem: the classroom is too warm.
Observation
43
Example: Student then asks: Why is the classroom so warm?
Question
44
Must be testable and falsifiable (experimental results can disprove it) What cannot be tested are --> supernatural presence The classroom is warm because no one turned on the air conditioning. OR The classroom is too warm because there is a power failure, and so the air conditioning doesn't work. Example: If the student turns on the air conditioning, then the classroom will no longer be too warm.
Hypothesis
45
What part of the kingdom of domains can occupy extreme environments such as in the salty ocean next to a vent.
Archaea
46
What are the most common atoms that make up 96% of all living things?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
47
What is positively charged and also found in the nucleus?
protons

BIO-111 (17 decks)

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