chapter 11: emotions, aggression, and stress

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive cognition, behaviors, and physiological changes

Question 2

autonomic nervous system includes

Answer 2

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

fight or flight

Question 4

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

prepares body to relax and recuperate

Question 5

polygraph

Answer 5

measures several bodily responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure

Question 6

8 basic emotions

Answer 6

-joy/sadness
-affection/disgust
-anger/fear
-expectation/surprise

Question 7

brain self-stimulation

Answer 7

process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding

Question 8

medial forebrain bundle

Answer 8

collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain

Question 9

nucleus accumbens

Answer 9

region of the forebrain that receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental are, often associated with reward and pleasurable sensations

Question 10

decorticate rage

Answer 10

(shame rage) sudden intense rage characterized by actions (such as snarling and biting in dogs) that lack clear direction

Question 11

limbic system

Answer 11

implicated in emotions: includes hypothalamus, anterior thalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and the fornix

Question 12

kluver-bucy syndrome

Answer 12

a condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety

Question 13

aggression

Answer 13

behavior that is intended to cause pain or harm (whether physical or emotional) to others, either individually or in groups

Question 14

intermale aggression

Answer 14

aggression between males of the same species

Question 15

testasterone

Answer 15

hormone in men that correlates with an increase of aggression

Question 16

medial amygdala

Answer 16

analyzes olfactory and pheromonal information, allowing males to distinguish between rivals and females to be courted

Question 17

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 17

serves as a trigger to activate aggressive behavior

Question 18

maternal aggression

Answer 18

aggression in mothers who are caring for their young

Question 19

psychopath

Answer 19

often intelligent individuals with superficial charm who have poor self-control, a grandiose sense of self worth, and little or no feelings of remorse

Question 20

stress

Answer 20

any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance

Question 21

james-lange theory

Answer 21

autonomic reaction triggers feelings

Question 22

cannon bard theory

Answer 22

simultaneous autonomic reaction and feeling

Question 23

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 23

suggests that sensory feedback from our facial expression can affects our mood

Question 24

resilience

Answer 24

process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress

Question 25

allostasis

Answer 25

adaptive processes that maintain homeostasis

Question 26

allostatic load

Answer 26

the cumulative burden of adaptations that result when the involved systems fail to shut off after stressor has subsided or when these systems do not respond adequately

Question 27

adrenal medulla

Answer 27

inner core of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 28

epinephrine

Answer 28

(adrenaline) both a hormone and synaptic transmitter

Question 29

norepinephrine

Answer 29

neurotransmitter active in both the brain and in the sympathetic nervous system

Question 30

adrenal cortex

Answer 30

steroid-secreting outer rind of the adrenal gland

Question 31

adrenal corticosteroid hormones

Answer 31

a steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 32

cortisol

Answer 32

a glucocorticoid stress hormone of the adrenal cortex (ready body for action)

Question 33

stress immunization

Answer 33

little stress in early life makes you more resilient to later stress

Question 34

epigenetic regulation

Answer 34

represents a change in the expression of the gene, rather than a change in the encoding region of the gene

Question 35

psychosomatic medicine

Answer 35

studies the distinctive psychological, behavioral, and social factors that influence individual susceptibility or resistance to diverse illnesses

Question 36

health psychology

Answer 36

emphasizes the role of social factors in the cause, progression, and consequences of health and illness

Question 37

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 37

the study of the immune system and its interaction with the nervous system and behavior