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AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain > Chapter 11: Second Civil War > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Second Civil War Flashcards

1
Q 
Who were the political Presbyterians?
Opinion on religion?
On settlement?
New model army?
Scots?
A
  • Moderate faction in Parliament, politically and socially conservative
  • Opposed to religious toleration
  • Negotiate peace w/ king, minimal settlement on king powers
  • Didn’t like the new model army
  • Closer to the scots
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2
Q 
Who were the political independents?
Opinion on religion?
On settlement?
New model army?
Scots?
A
  • Radical faction in parliament
  • wanted some religious toleration
  • only settle if large limitations to kings power
  • allied with new model army
  • disliked the authoritarianism of scottish presbytarians
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3
Q

New Model Army: who were the godly officers?

1

A

The core of the officers, especially in the cavalry, very devout

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4
Q

New Model Army: who were the chapains?
2
what was their job?

A
  • appointed for each regiment, closely connected to colonel for each regiment
  • led sermons, bible studies, accompanied army on marches, campaigns and into battle
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5
Q

New Model Army: what was the use of visual iconography?

1

A

-Each regiment had its own banner with a religious motif

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6
Q

New Model Army: why did they fast and self-reflect?

1

A

To prepare for tests the army had to face

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7
Q

New Model Army: what was lay preaching?

1

A

Soldiers preaching

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8
Q

New Model Army: why were they a minority? How did this impact them?
2

A
  • They were alienated from the rest of society

- This reinforced their own godliness- high morale

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9
Q

New Model Army: how did they promote equality?

2

A
  • 1647 the General Council of the Army was made

- Believed that all were valued by god

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10
Q

When did the first civil war end?

A

1646

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11
Q

When were the newcastle propositions?

A

July 1646

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12
Q

What were the newcastle propositions?

4

A
  • Religion: accept Presbyterianism for 3 years in england
  • Militia: p control for 20 years
  • Parliament: triennial act remain
  • Royalists: only 58 not pardoned
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13
Q

What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
2
What was charles’ response

A
  • Charles stalled, no intention of agreeing

- -> more instability in parliament

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14
Q

What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
3
Parliaments response to charles response

A
  • Political presbytarians proposed more lenient version
  • included demobilising the new model army but sending a smaller force to ireland
  • alternative ‘safe’ army
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15
Q

Who wrote the declaration of dislike?

A

Holles

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16
Q

What was the declaration of dislike?

2

A
  • Slated the new model army

- Declared army petitioners enemies of state

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17
Q

What was the significance of the declaration of dislike?

A

Showed division between the army and parliament

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18
Q

What politicised the new model army?

5

A
  • Newcastle propositions
  • Holles declaration of dislike
  • though pp were making a rial army
  • owed salary
  • no idemnity act passed so possibility they could be charged as offensives
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19
Q

When did the new model army first petition parliament for redress of their grievances?

And what did parliament say?

A

March 1647

No

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20
Q

When did the commons accept Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

A

May 1647

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21
Q

What was Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

2

A
  • Conceded presbytarianism for 3 years

- Conceded militia for 10 years

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22
Q

What was the impact of charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

A

Both concessions were too lenient which angered the army

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23
Q

When did the commons vote to disband the army after 8 weeks of pay?

A

25th may 1647

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24
Q

Why did the army hold the newmarket meeting?

A

In response to the commons vote to disband them

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25
Q

when was the newmarket meeting?

A

June 1647

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26
Q

What was the purpose of the newmarket meeting?

What did they agree on?

2

A
  • To sort out the organisation of a more formal political structure in the new model army
  • two commissioned officers and two ajutators
27
Q

When was charles captured by the army?

Who captured him?

A

2nd June 1647

Cornet George Joyce

28
Q

When was the army remonstrance?

A

4th June 1647

29
Q

What was the army remonstrance?

4

A
  • army issued a humble remonstrance
  • not disband until their grievances met
  • ->indemnity
  • ->removal of political presbytarians
30
Q

When was the solemn engagement?

A

5th june 1647

31
Q

What was the solemn engagement?

3

A
  • Petition presented to parliament by army in the solemn engagement
  • written mostly by ireton
  • impeachment charges drawn up against 11 MP’s incl Holles
32
Q

When was the negotiations at hampton court?

Who led them?

A

7th June 1647

Ireton, army spokesman, with charles- lodged at hampton court

33
Q

When was the representation of the army?

A

14th June 1647

34
Q

Who wrote the representation of the army?

A

Ireton

35
Q

What was the representation of the army?

4

A

Said

  • purge of parliament
  • future parliaments of fixed duration
  • freedom of ppl to petition parliament
  • extension of religious freedom
36
Q

What was the significance of the representation of the army?

A

Shows politicisation of the army and the increase in their political power

37
Q

When were the heads of proposals?

A

16th July 1647

38
Q

Where were the heads of proposals proposed?

A

At the army general council meeting at reading

39
Q

Who wrote the heads of proposals?

A

Ireton

40
Q

What were the heads of proposals?

6

A
  • regular biennial parliaments
  • reform of p representation
  • p control of army and navy
  • p appointment of great offices of state for 10 years
  • national church w/ bishops
  • act of oblivion: only exempted a few royalists
41
Q

What was the impact of the. heads of proposals?

4

ajutators?

A

Ajutators impatient with slow progress

  • thought proposals were too moderate
  • ireton and cromwell hypocritical bc not radical enough

–> division

42
Q

When did a mob invade the commons at holles behest?

What did they do?

A

26th July 1647

Forcefully passed resolution to invite the king to london

43
Q

When was the walk out of parliament?

Who walked out?

A

3rd August 1647

Army were just outside london and political independents joined them

44
Q

When did the army march into westminster?

A

6th August 1647

45
Q

When did the army march into London?

A

8th August 1647

46
Q

What were the four bills?

2

A
  • An amalgamation of the newcastle propositions and the heads
  • presented to charles while in captivity
47
Q

When did charles escape hampton court?

What did he do after he did?

A

11th November 1647

Negotiate with the scots

48
Q

When did charles formally reject the four bills?

A

End of december 1647

49
Q

When was the engagement?

A

December 1647

50
Q

What was the engagement?

A

-Charles agreed 3 years pres in england in return for scots help invading england and restoring his power

51
Q

What was the impact of the engagement”?

A
  • The scots agreed

- threatened parliament

52
Q

When was the vote of no address?

A

January 1648

53
Q

What was the vote of no address?

2

A
  • Parliament passed it

- No more negotiation with Charles

54
Q

What was the significance of the vote of no address?

A

Stopped all hope of constitutional monarchy or reform

55
Q

When was the windsor prayer meeting?

A

April 1648

56
Q

Who was the windsor prayer meeting?

A

New model army

57
Q

What was the windsor payer meeting?

3

A
  • gathered at windsor to pray before facing their enemies
  • preachers declared that charles was a man of blood
  • debated regicide in public for the first time
58
Q

When was the rising in south wales?

A

March-July 1648

59
Q

When was the rising in east anglia, centred at colchester?

A

April-August 1648

60
Q

When was the rising in kent?

A

May-June 1648

61
Q

When was the rising in yorkshire, centred on pontefact?

A

June-December 1648

62
Q

When did the scots invade england?

A

July 1648

63
Q

When did cromwell and lambert defeat the scots at preston?

A

17th-19th August 1648

64
Q

When did cromwell and lambert secure anti-engager power in Edinburgh?

A

4th-7th October 1648

AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain (12 decks)

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