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AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain > Chapter 5&6: parliament > Flashcards

Chapter 5&6: parliament Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 4 ancient privileges enjoyed by MP’s?

A

Free access to monarch and the house of lords to convey opinions.

The right to correct mistakes or misunderstandings that may prejudice the commons.

Freedom from arrest while parliament is sitting and for 20 days after it is dissolved (except treason, felony, and breach of the peace).

Freedom of speech (within vague limits that were often disputed).

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2
Q

Shirley’s case: date?

A

1604

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3
Q

Shirley’s case: details and impact?

A

MP Thomas Shirley was arrested for debt.

It upset MP’s as it infringed on their right to freedom from arrest.

They sent the governor of fleet debtors prison to the tower of London until Shirley was released.

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4
Q

What was the ‘form of apology and satisfaction’ and what prompted it?

A

It was a document made by some MP’s protesting James’ handling of political issues.

It was bc some MP’s were upset that James refused to allow the house of commons to pass ecclesiastical reforms, there was also discontent over wardship and purveyance.

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5
Q

Union of Scotland and England: date?

A

1606

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6
Q

Union of Scotland and England: details and impact?

A

James declared:

  • His title would be ‘King of GB, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith- Parliament didn’t want it to be GB as they thought the laws would be abolished and written for more power
  • New currency called the ‘unite’
  • All ships carry the union flag

Parliament opposed it on religious, legal, economic and political grounds- disliked the Scots- worried about James absolutist tendencies

The plan collapsed

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7
Q

The Buckinghamshire Election: date?

A

1604

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8
Q

The Buckinghamshire Election: details?

A

Court of Cancery annulled election of Francis Goodwin as MP for Buckinghamshire bc he was an outlaw for two outstanding summonses for debt

In the second election, John Fortescue (privy council) was made his replacement- he actually lost the first election

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9
Q

The Buckinghamshire Election: impact?

A

This was seen as royal interference, they heard Goodwin’s case and reinstated him

James saw this as acting illegally allowing an outlaw

James asked them to consult the house of lords for legal advice and didn’t restrict the debate

The debate widened to constitutional issues and a battle over balance of parliamentary privilege and royal prerogative

James suggested Goodwin and Fortescue should be scrapped and hold new election.

He also allowed the commons to judge some elections in return

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10
Q

Addled Parliament of 1614: financial need

A

Failure of great contract, Cecil died, crown lands sold

Decreased long term income

Financial pressure on James I- debt in 1614= £680,000

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11
Q

Addled Parliament of 1614: fractional conflict

A

Competing groups

Howard faction- pro catholic Spain

Protestant faction

Protestant faction called Parliament to attach the Howard faction

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12
Q

Addled Parliament of 1614: manipulation of MP’s

A

Controversial crown plans to make deals for Parliament support leaked

Henry Nevilles ‘certain propositions’ - goodwill by concession

Bacon- influence elections by patronage

Mp’s were fearful of absolutism

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13
Q

Addled Parliament of 1614: James I indecisiveness

A

Appointed no secretary of state to represent him in commons until the last minute

Even then it was Ralph Winwood who was incompetent

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14
Q

Addled Parliament of 1614: impositions

A

Financial issues

Taxes on everything

Monarch’s feudal right

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15
Q

1621 Parliament: tensions and conflicts

A

Tensions due to abuse of monopolies

James tried to use anti-catholic parliament to scare Spain into Spanish match by threatening war

3rd Dec 1621- MP petition criticising the Spanish match
-James stated that MP’s could not discuss foreign policy and that it was a Prerogative right

James dissolved parliament

18th Dec 1621- protest that it was Parliaments ‘undoubted birthright’ to discuss foreign policy
-James I used prerogative to rip out the document from the commons journal

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16
Q

Thirty years war: how it started? Why did James have reason to get involved? Why didn’t he?

A

Triggered by election of German catholic prince as king of Bohemia

Was originally a religious fight but became more about limiting Hapsburg’s power- catholic head of roman empire

There was a protestant rebellion and they offered the title to Frederik of the Palinate

James daughter Elizabeth married Frederik

Oct 1620 they were forced into exile

James saw himself as ‘Rex Pacificus’ the peaceful king and refused to get involved even though he had religious and dynastic reason to

17
Q

Madrid trip: date?

A

1623

18
Q

Madrid trip: details and impact?

A

Charles and Buckingham went to Madrid to complete the Spanish match

They received poor treatment at Spanish court as the court was anti-protestant

C and B now pro-war

Made C surfacely popular

James warned that allying with Parliament could be damaging long term bc of foreign policy, religion and finance

C married French Catholic

19
Q

1624 Parliament: what did Charles and Buckingham do?

A

James I was ill

Charles and Buckingham were anti-Spanish now and pro-war- led parliament- undermined James authority

James pushed for more aggressive anti-Spanish stance

  • MP’s were reluctant to provide funds
  • Possible James did this to prove to Parliament that they didn’t really want war bc it was against financial interests
20
Q

1625 parliament: what did Charles need? What did parliament give him? Who did Parliament blame?

A

C needed £1 million for war w/ Spain from Parliament

He made no attempt to get Parliament on his side

Parliament granted him two subsidies to prove their loyalty- not enough so he asked for more

Parliament granted him a limited grant for tonnage and poundage as they were worried about its use and impositions

Charles was very offended- saw it as an attack on his prerogative

Continued to collect T&P after

Parliament blamed Buckingham for mishandling the kings affairs

Charles I dissolved Parliament w/in 2 months

21
Q

Foreign Policy Failure: Cadiz

Date? Details?

A

1625

Troops for German mercenary Count Mansfield raised by force

Shipped to Netherlands w/o training and limited equipment

4000/6000 died from disease etc

Failed to take Spanish port Cadiz

  • more english troops died bc no food
  • soldiers got drunk on wine and abandoned attack

Buckingham was Lord Admiral so took most of the blame

22
Q

1626 Parliament:
Who did Buckingham remove from parliament? How? What happened to the Earl of Bristol?Why?
What did Parliament want to do to Buckingham?

A

Anti-calvinist William Laud preached opening sermon
-stressed obedience to the king

Some of his critics were removed (eg: Coke and Wentworth) by placing them as sheriffs- had to organise the polls but couldn’t stand for election

Buckingham removed anyone from court he thought was a threat

Parliament tried to impeach Buckingham- bc of Cadiz

  • Earl of Bristol charged with treason bc he knew that Charles had bribed Spanish courtiers and offered stuff to catholics in Madrid
  • He offered info on Buckingham to the house of lords
  • Charles threatened Parliament and dissolved them to stop Buckinghams’ impeachment
23
Q

Foreign Policy Failure: La Rochelle

Date? Why did Buckingham attack France? Impact?

A

1627

France entered a secret alliance with Spain

Policy reverse to protect the Hugenots from persecution
-useless bc king fo France made peace w/ hugenots

Buckingham’s troops arrived on island just of La Rochelle to attack the French

  • French troops withdrew and Buckingham laid siege
  • B tried direct attack but the ladders were too short

Only 2989/7833 soldiers returned inc John Felton

Buckinghams attack started war with Spain and France
-no funds so Charles had to call parliament again

24
Q

Five Knights Case: date?

A

1627

25
Q

Five Knights Case: details and impact?

A

76 people were imprisoned for refusing to pay the forced loan

Nov 1627- 5 people imprisoned claiming habeas corpus
-had to be tried or released

Charles took them to trial
-the judgement upheld C prerogative right to imprison w/o trial for forced loan only!!!

Charles falsified records that this was a general prerogative right

26
Q

1628-1629 Parliament:
What grievances did Parliament want addressed?
What were the remonstrances and when?

A

At the beginning Parliament seemed willing to compromise
-Secretary of State John Coke dealt w/ Parliament not C which reduced tension

Parliament agreed to 5 subsidies if grievances addressed:

  • Taxation: no illegal extra parliamentary taxation
  • Billeting: troops for war lodged w/ local population, not payed to home them
  • Martial law: imposed to control troops billeted, overruled all other law, absolutism
  • Also imprisonment w/o trial eg: 5 Knights

17th June 1628- remonstrance attacking Buckingham’s foreign policy

Remonstrance a week later bc Charles continued to collect T&P- C prorogued P to collect T&P

27
Q

Petition of Right: date?

A

Accepted 7th June 1628

28
Q

Petition of Right: details and impact?
4 main points?
Issues with it?

A

Response to concern for Charles to rule w/ unwritten constitution

4 main points:

  • Parliament had to consent to taxation
  • Only imprisonment w/ just cause
  • Imposition of billeting illegal
  • Imposition of martial law illegal

Charles accepted it 7th June 1628 under threat against Buckingham bc needed funds

He didn’t give it royal assent- so not formally approved therefore not real law

Parliament forced him too

Led to more distrust of Charles

The petition of right printed version contained Charles’ original response which weakened it’s authority

The petition also did not explicitly mention the customs duty, impositions or T&P so Charles claimed he never gave up rights for these

29
Q

Buckingham’s Assassination: date?

A

23rd August 1628

30
Q

Buckingham’s Assassination: details and impact?

A

He was leaving the Greyhound Inn in Portsmouth and was bidding farewell to a colonel who was bowing to him

John Felton leaned over and stabbed him in the chest then fled into the kitchens and was later captured

18th Sept- torchlit procession through London to Westminster Abbey

Felton had a paper outlining his reasons stitched onto his hat- he claimed Buckingham was ‘cowardly, base and deserveth not the name of a gentleman or a soldier’

Felton was hanged

Public rejoiced for Buckinghams death

Charles blamed Parliament for B’s death- Felton said he was inspired by their remonstrance against Buckingham

31
Q

The Three Resolutions: date?

A

2nd March 1629

32
Q

The Three Resolutions: details and impact?
Who wrote them?
What were they?

A

Opposition to arminianism and the collection of T&P

Radical MP’s Denzil Holles and Benjamin Valentine held down the speaker until the resolutions were passed

Resolutions by Sir John Elliot

Capital enemy:

  • Anyone who promoted innovation in religion, popery or arminianism
  • People who collected T&P w/o parliamentary consent
  • People who voluntarily payed T&P duties

It was passed and Charles dissolved Parliament

He had John Elliot, Holles and Valentine arrested for treason after

33
Q

1628-1629 Parliament Part 2:

A

The final session was dominated by the issues of Arminianism and T&P

Charles made concessions over religion

  • Recusancy laws were enforced again
  • Archbishop Abbot was readmitted to the privy council
  • Increase in Arminian influence but C wouldn’t budge

Lots of distrust and Charles didn’t call another Parliament for 11 years

AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain (12 decks)

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