Chapter 7: Religion the sequel

Question 1

When was Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 1

1633

Question 2

Laudian characteristics?

Answer 2

• rejection of predestination
• less emphasis on bible + preaching
• more emphasis on ritual + ceremony
• no coherent set of beliefs

Question 3

Name the Laudian measures:

Answer 3

• communion table moved to east end and railed off
• inc emphasis on ceremony
• decoration
• inc music in services
• vestments
• remove gentry’s ornamental pews

Question 4

What were visitations and their limitations?

Answer 4

• they were official visits from Bishops to parishes to report if they were conforming to Laudian reforms
• How far the Laudian commands were implemented depended on local bishop, vicars and gentry
• eg: Nottingham- local pop apathetic or hostile to change

Question 5

What was the communion table reform?

Answer 5

-it was aligned north-south against the far east wall-
where catholic altar had been
-space around raised by steps
-chancel area separated from rest of church
-altar covered w/ decorative cloth

Question 6

Why was the communion table reform controversial?

Answer 6

• Charles gave no justification
• -William Laud was obsessed w/ decorum and order
• catholic

Question 7

What changed with the church ceremony?

Answer 7

they were centered around the catechism (question and answer)

• list of statements laid out in prayer book
• Laud and Charles felt gave order and conformity
• puritans felt it was moving away from the bible

Question 8

What was the campaign against unlicensed preaching?

Answer 8

laud was trying to restore power and authority of the church over puritans

• restoration of church lands
• re-establishment of church control over clergy appointments

Question 9

Campaign against unlicensed preaching: feofees for impropriations

• when?
• what was the feofees?

Answer 9

-direct legal attack on Feoffees for Impropriations 1633
-feofees: og. mostly puritans, from 1626 they raised money to control appointment of clergy to parishes-
–to establish puritan preachers
the attack limited puritan preaching

Question 10

Campaign against unlicensed preaching: limit preaching?

Answer 10

now only allowed to preach on sunday mornings and evenings

• to control Puritans
• puritans would have speeches afternoons

Question 11

What was the reissue of the Book of Sports?
When? Originally when?
What was it?

What did charles do?

Answer 11

James I - 1618
-due to counter pressure from Puritans on population to not do fun things on sunday (the sabbath)
Outlined range of sports and activites ppl could do after attending sunday morn service

It was read from the pulpit so everyone knew
- clergy who didn’t read it could be expelled from parish or imprisoned

Question 12

What was Charles’ role?

Answer 12

• presence of range of catholics at court
• maria henrietta
• -influence of Charles
• part of his support was due to his fear of Puritans

Question 13

What were the 1640 Canons?

Answer 13

-passed to codify Lauds measures
-condemned popery and were deliberately moderate
-oath to reassure ppl church was safe in the king’s hands
-seen as a plot to destroy the protestant church
-gave convocation license to draw it up
the clergy granted 6 subsidies to the king
-controversial

Question 14

William Laud

Answer 14

born 1573
not born rich but intellectual
close w/ buckingham

Question 15

Puritan opposition: St Gregory’s Case
Date?
What did they do?
What was their punishment?

Answer 15

1633
Parishioners of St Greg Church London challenged movement of communion table
Brough b4 privy council by CI as a test case

Question 16

Puritan opposition: John Williams
Date?
What did they do?
What was their punishment?

Answer 16

1637
Bishop Williams was imprisoned for publishing critism of the altar policy
‘the holy table, name and thing’

Question 17

Puritan opposition: Prynne, Burton + Bastwick
Date?
What did they do?
What was their punishment?

Answer 17

1637
attacked Laud and Henrietta Maria in pamphlets
brought b4 star chamber
-found guilt of criticising Laud’s measure
-fined £5000, imprisoned for life, ear cropped
–> sympathy from public bc they were respected gentlemen
-doctor, lawyer, cleric

Question 18

Puritan opposition: John Lilburne
Date?
What did they do?
What was their punishment?

Answer 18

Helped distribute Bastwick’s work
Feb 1638- found guilty by star chamber for printing unlicensed lit
–>fined, whipped and pillored in public, prison
pillored: wooden thing w/ hand and head holes

Question 19

Scotland: what was the context? Why was there conflict?

Why were there reforms?

Answer 19

Charles was an absentee king in Scotland
His policies and style of rule alienated elite

Scotland was mostly presbyterian
-CI and Laud didn’t like how pres church was
independent and how plain the churches were
-Align w/ Laudian CofE

Inc in emigration

Question 20

Scotland: What was the Act of Revocation? When? Effect?

Answer 20

1625
Feudal right to take land from Scottish elite for church in Scotland
-> united landowners against CI

Question 21

Scotland: What was the Articles of Perth? What did Charles do and when?

Answer 21

Articles of Perth: 1618 by JI - kneeling at communion, holy days, private baptism, private communion, confirmation
-Catholicism

Charles: 1626 - proclamation that commanded observation of the Articles of Perth and added his own personal instructions for kneeling at communion

Question 22

Scotland: when did Charles first visit Scotland? Why? Why was this bad?

Answer 22

1633- 8 years into his reign
For his coronation
–> showed his priorities

The ceremony was not at the traditional place- moved to Edinburg’s Holyrood Palace
‘Catholic’ form of ceremony

Question 23

Scotland: What were some catholic reforms?

Answer 23

• Introduced bishops in Edinburgh

- Raised St Giles Church to a Cathedral

Question 24

Scotland: The 1636 Canons

What were they?

Answer 24

-Altar against east wall
-Ministers wear surplices during communion
-Confession
-No improvised prayer
-Obedience to new prayer book on pain of
excommunication

• > Attempt to return to catholicism
• > Imposed royal prerogative
• > Gov bodies in Scotland had no say

Question 25

Scotland: The Laudian Prayer Book

What was it? When? What was the impact of it?

Answer 25

1637
A prayer book specifically for Scotland
Clearly leaned towards Catholicism
-No consultation w/ Scottish Kirk or Scottish Parliament

• > Conflict in St Gile Cathedral
• > Scottish Rebellion
• > Petition in 1637- condemned prayer book

Question 26

What was Millenarianism? What did Puritans do?

Answer 26

Belief in the end of the world
Judgement day
Belief that the political crisis signalled the end of the world –> reaction to Laudianism

–> The Puritans took on more political and public roles