Chapter 4: religion

Question 1

Gunpowder plot: date?

Answer 1

1605

Question 2

Who were Jesuits?

Answer 2

Catholics who tried to convert protestant countries

Question 3

Define Predestination

Answer 3

Belief that individuals salvation already decided by God, not dependent on how you lived

Question 4

What were recusancy fines?

Answer 4

Fines for if you attend compulsory CofE service for both catholics and other types of protestants who didn’t go

Question 5

When was the oath of allegiance and what was it?

Answer 5

1606, swear in James I as head of the church

Question 6

What were Vestments?

Answer 6

Robes worn by clergy or choristers during the service

Question 7

What were James I beliefs?

Answer 7

Originally he said he would leave other religious people alone if they were quiet about it and he decreased recusancy fines.

Due to protestant reaction, James expressed his ‘utter detestation’ of catholics and recusancy fines were collected in full.

Question 8

Who did James expel and when?

Answer 8

Priests and Jesuits, 1604

Question 9

What was the impact of the gunpowder plot?

Answer 9

Increase in catholic persecution,

Forbidden to live in/ near London or hold public office

New oath of allegiance

Increase in recusancy fines

Question 10

What is Episcopacy?

Answer 10

The government of the church by bishops

Question 11

What are Marginalia?

Answer 11

Comments written in the margin

Question 12

What was the Convocation?

Answer 12

Church parliament

Question 13

Millenary petition: date?

Answer 13

1603

Question 14

Millenary petition: details and impact?

Answer 14

James travelling from Scotland to London for his coronation, given millenary petition- list of requests for more protestant modifications to CofE (eg: no ceremonial robes)

James called Hampton Court Conference

Question 15

Hampton Court Conference: date?

Answer 15

1604

Question 16

Hampton Court Conference: details and impact?

Answer 16

James willing to listen to puritan demands

The only clash was when James thought that a puritan said he wanted to get rid of episcopacy

Question 17

When was the King James Bible finished?

Answer 17

1611

Question 18

What is the significance of the King James Bible?

Answer 18

It was a bible written to replace the Geneva bible that had marginalia that undermined James’ rule.

It had marginalia that supported divine right etc.

Long lasting linguistical impact.

Question 19

Bancroft’s Canons: details and impact?

Who were the ‘silent brethren’?

Answer 19

Bancroft’s Canons were a book of church laws.

All ministers must subscribe to: three articles supporting King’s supremacy, the 39 articles (orthodox doctrines), and only use authorised services. (Puritans were against this)

James gave full support.

It was a new drive for conformity amongst canons.

Bancroft said all clergy that didn’t conform would be expelled, but only 1% ended up being expelled (called silent brethren).

Didn’t last very long as Bancroft’s replacement was sympathetic to puritans.

Question 20

Bancroft’s canons: date?

Answer 20

Convocation to draw up new book of canons (church laws) released February 1604.

Question 21

What is arminianism?

Answer 21

Type of protestantism.

Closest to Catholicism.

Question 22

What was James I attitude to Arminianism?

Answer 22

Broad church- most protestants felt welcome, isolated radicals, like Liz (elizabethan balance).

He was Calvinist in his theory (CofE).

Originally didn’t agree with Arminianism but became more sympathetic over his rule.

Throughout his rule he got more annoyed with puritan demands- (eg: join thirty years war) whereas the arminians supported his peaceful negotiations with Spain.

Question 23

What is some evidence for James’ support of Arminianism?

Answer 23

He allowed Arminian clerics more prominence in debates at court eg: William Laud.

1624- he didn’t censor Richard Montagu’s Arminian track ‘A new gag for an old goose’.

1622- The clergy were forbidden to preach about predestination and reprobation (more radical protestant beliefs) supposedly because it criticised foreign policy.

Question 24

What was ‘A new gag for an old goose’? Who wrote it and when was it published?

Answer 24

Richard Montagu, 1624. It was an Arminian tract that wrote in support of many catholic beliefs and was anti-calvinist (CofE).

It was disliked by puritans and other protestants.

Had both James I and Charles I support.

Question 25

What was Charles I attitude to Arminianism and what was the impact of that?

Answer 25

He favoured Arminianism.

This led to a conspiracy mentality in and out of court from other protestants who believed that catholics and arminians were in control of the king.

This led to problems with parliament which Charles believed were a puritan attack.

Question 26

What is some evidence for Charles support of Arminianism?

Answer 26

Charles openly supported Arminian Richard Montagu and his anti-calvinist tract.

He made Montagu royal chaplain.

Arminian William Laud was made bishop of London in 1628.

Question 27

The York House Conference: date?

Answer 27

1626

Question 28

The York House Conference: details and impact?

Answer 28

Buckingham chaired a theological debate at his London home at request of puritan earl of warwick and due to pressure from parliament.

Focus on Montagu’s writings.

Warwick wanted to sway Charles away from Arminianism and anti-calvinism.

Buckingham supported anti-calvinist Laud. Probably to reinforce his (Buckingham’s) relationship with Charles and maintain his power and influence.

Charles I didn’t attend.

Reinforced idea of Arminian and catholic control over the king.

Question 29

Causes of conflict under Charles I?

Answer 29

Thirty years war.

Henrietta Maria.

Bad relationship with parliament.

Charles was uncommunicative.

Charles was insecure.

Charles was paranoid.

Charles got more confrontational.

There was debate over Charles’ beliefs.

Charles continues to favour Arminians more and more.

Question 30

What was the book of sports? When was it issued?

Answer 30

Made sports acceptable on a sunday. Puritans didn’t like it.

Originally James issued it in 1618.
Charles reissued it in 1633.