Chapter 8: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament

Question 1

What were the causes of the Scottish Rebellion 1637-40?

2

Answer 1

• CI cutting himself off and ignoring growing discontent

- Religious uniformity

Question 2

What were the dates for Charles I personal rule?

Answer 2

1629-1640

Question 3

Dates for short parliament?

Answer 3

13th April-5th May 1640

Question 4

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: St Giles Cathedral?

What happened?
When?

Answer 4

July 1637
Some bishops had to arm themselves when they had to read from the new laudian prayer book
Bc of riots

Question 5

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: What was the impact of the riots?
CI
Nobles

Answer 5

• Charles Scottish PC had to abandon in Oct 1637

- Nobles organised riots and opposition

Question 6

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: What was the Scottish National Covenant?

Answer 6

-Manifesto to unite the scottish people against Charles’ religious policy

Question 7

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: Who wrote the Scottish National Covenant?

Answer 7

Archibald Johnston and Alexander Hendelson

-Radical presbytarians

Question 8

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: When was the Scottish National Covenant?

Answer 8

February 1638

Question 9

Bishops wars: How were the Scots able to call a religious general assembly?

Answer 9

Charles allowed them to do it in Glasgow in Septemebr 1638

Question 10

Bishops wars: What happened at the Scots religious general assembly?

Answer 10

They annulled the canons and abolished episcopacy

Question 11

Bishops wars: When was the scots religious general assembly held?

Answer 11

November 1638

Question 12

Bishops wars: What was Charles biggest limitation?

Finances and army

Answer 12

His army was not ready until April 1639 due to his difficulty financing - ship money - and unorganisation of the army

Question 13

Bishops wars: When was the truce of Berwick?

Answer 13

June 1639

Question 14

Bishops wars: What was the Truce of Berwick?

What did they agree?
What did the scots do in response?

Answer 14

CI and Covenanters agreed to meeting of General Assembly of Church of Scotland at Edinburgh and also Scottish Parliament

• Agreed to disband both armies
• Scots didn’t bc lack of trust

Question 15

Bishops wars: Who was Thomas Wentworth, what did he advise Charles to do and what was the impact of that?

Success?

Answer 15

• Lord Deputy of Ireland
• Advised Charles to call parliament for money
• > Charles did but short parliament dissolved pretty much immediately
• > not successful

Question 16

Bishops wars: What did the Scots do in August 1640?

Answer 16

They occupied Newcastle and invaded England

Question 17

Bishops wars: What was the treaty of ripon?

Effect?

Answer 17

Charles I agreed to pay Scottish army living costs while they occupied land in England
-CI had to call another Parliament

Question 18

What was the make-up of Ireland in 1629?

Groups and land they occupied?

Answer 18

• Irish Catholics- Rest of Ireland
• Catholic Old English
• Protestant English - plantation policy in north gave land to eng settlers
• Protestant Scottish- Ultser

English control over Dublin and the Pale

Question 19

Who was Thomas Wentworth and what did he do in Ireland?

When?

Answer 19

• 1632, Lord Deputy of Ireland
• He enhanced authority over Irish
• Allowed England to profit as he increased customs

Question 20

Irish Rebellion: When was it?

Answer 20

October 1641

Question 21

Irish Rebellion 1641: Causes?
England?
Scotland
Radicals?

Answer 21

• England alienated all 5 groups in Ireland
• CI recalled Wentworth
• Pres Scot alliance w/ English Puritans threatened Catholic Ireland
• Preemptive strike to prevent radical outsiders imposing harsh protestant rules on them

Question 22

Irish Rebellion 1641: What did they do? where?

Answer 22

Strike on Protestants in Ulster

-3000 Killed

Question 23

What opposition did Charles face in England?

Answer 23

Nobles eg: William Fiennes opposed ship money

• Started legal action
• CI stopped it and ignored him

Question 24

When was the Hampden case?

Answer 24

1637

Question 25

What was the Hampden case?

Answer 25

-In Nov CI took Hampden to court for refusing to pay ship money

Question 26

Who was john Hampden?

Answer 26

-John Hampden, gentry, had connection to opponents to the regime

Question 27

Impact of Hampden Case/ outcome?

3

Answer 27

• Facts of the case were widely circulated and debated
• Narrow judgement of 7-5 judges
• Too costly

Question 28

What was the Providence Island Company and what was it’s significance?

Answer 28

It was a cover for meeting and sharing ideas of Political Nation

->Anti-Laudian

Question 29

Short Parliament: why was it unsuccessful?

Answer 29

• MP’s didn’t vote to subsidise bishops wars
• -Pym and Fiennes were in league w/ Scottish Covenanters
• -MP’s more concerned w/ king
• -> CI would have to make big concessions to get subsidies

So Charles dissolved parliament

Question 30

Make-up of Short Parliament?
Opposition?
Charles?

Answer 30

PN unorganised opposition

King still had majority in house of lords and won favour in commons by announcing illegality of Ship Money

Question 31

Short Parliament: what did charles do following dissolving Parliament?

Answer 31

He arrested Warwick, Brooke and Fiennes from House of Lords and Pym and Hampden from Commons
-Key critics

Question 32

Personal Rule: What was the Court of the Star Chamber?

Where did they meet?
What did the do?
Who?

Answer 32

• Met in Westminster palace w/ stars on ceiling
• secret cases
• Persecute puritans
• Judged by privy councillors

Question 33

Personal rule; What was the Court of High Commission?

What did they do?

Answer 33

• Chief court of the church
• used to enforce Laudian reforms
• if defendant was found guilty they were sentenced at the star chamber