Chapter 11- Specific Resistance To Infection

Question 1

What is an antigen

Answer 1

Any substance capable of causing a specific immune response

Question 2

Draw and label the antibodyA mediated immune response or humoral response

Answer 2

P147

Question 3

What can antibodies do? (6)

Answer 3

• combine with foreign enzymes or bacterial toxins, or inactivate them by inhibiting reaction with other cells or compounds
• bind to the surface or viruses and prevent the viruses from entering cells
• coat bacteria so that the bacteria are more easily consumed by phagocytes.
• cause particles like bacteria, viruses or foreign blood cells to clump together- agglutination
• dissolve organisms
• react with soluble substances to make them insoluble and thus more easily consumed by phagocytes.

Question 4

Draw and label the diagram for cell- mediated immunity

Answer 4

P150

Question 5

What are the different types of immunity?

Answer 5

PASSIVE- NATURAL:
- antibodies enter the bloodstream across the placenta or in breast milk
PASSIVE- ARTIFICIAL:
- antibodies are injected into the bloodstream
ACTIVE- NATURAL:
- ability to manufacture antibodies results from an attack of a disease.
ACTIVE- ARTIFICIAL:
- ability to manufacture antibodies results from being given and antigen by a vaccine

Question 6

What is immunisation

Answer 6

Programming the immune system so the body can respond rapidly to infecting micro- organisms

Question 7

What is a vaccination

Answer 7

Articulate introduction of antigens of pathogenic organisms so that the ability to produce the appropriate antibodies is acquired without the person having to suffer the disease

Question 8

What is herd immunity?

Answer 8

When a high protection of individuals are immunised, those that aren’t are still protected from a disease.