Chapter 8- Homeostasis Of Blood Glucose And Gas Conc

Question 1

Give the SRMERF for low blood glucose levels

Answer 1

S – Low blood Glucose.
R – Chemoreceptors in the Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas.
M – Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas
E – Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas secrete glucagon
This has a number of responses
R – Glycogen in liver and muscle cells is converted back into glucose and released back into the blood (glycogenolysis).
R – Promotes Gluconeogenesis from fat in adipose tissue and breakdown of amino acids to form glucose in the liver.
R – mild stimulating effect on protein breakdown in the liver supplying amino acids for gluconeogenesis
Which all lead to a
F – increase of glucose in the blood.

Question 2

Give the SRMERF for high blood glucose levels

Answer 2

S – High blood Glucose.
R – Chemoreceptors in the Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas.
M – Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas
E – Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas secrete insulin
This has many responses
R – Glucose entry into cells
R – Liver, muscle cells remove and store glucose (in the form of Glycogen) from the blood.
R – Promotes storage as fat (in adipose tissue)
R – Increase protein synthesis in body cells, less amino acids go to the liver for deamination (amino acid broken down into carbohydrate and NH2)
Which all lead to a
F – Reduction of glucose in the blood.

Question 3

Give the SRMERF for low blood pH levels and oxygen levels

Answer 3

S – Low blood pH levels due to high hydrogen ion concentration
R – Chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies (found in aorta and carotid arteries) .
M – Respiratory centre (inhalation) in the medulla oblongata and the pneumotaxic centre (exhalation) of the pons varolii.
E – Muscles in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
R – Large increase in rate and depth of inspiration and exhalation.
F – Increase of pH (and oxygen) in the blood.

Question 4

What does glycogenesis mean

Answer 4

Formation of glycogen from other carbohydrates, especially glucose

Question 5

What does glycogenolysis mean

Answer 5

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 6

What does gluconeogenesis mean

Answer 6

Conversion of fats or proteins into glucose