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Biology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system structure

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capalaries, and blood

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2
Q

Oxygen transport

A

From Lungs go cells

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3
Q

Nutrient transport

A

Glucose, amino acids, lipids

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4
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

From cells to lungs

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5
Q

Metabolic waste transport

A

Urea/uric acid, creatine

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6
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Distribute heat around body
Blood temp 100.4

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7
Q

Heart location

A

Between the lungs
Left of the midline of the body
In mediastinum
Apex pointed towards left

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8
Q

Heart is slightly bigger than what

A

Fist

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9
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac that encloses the heart and reduces friction

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10
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Holds heart in place

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11
Q

Serous membrane

A

2 layers with serous fluid between layers
Reduces friction as heart beats

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12
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium
Symptoms- chest pain dry cough fever and anxiety

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13
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Emergency situation where fluid accumulates in pericardium
Keeps ventricles from filling resulting in low blood volume leading to shock and death

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14
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Provides blood flow to and from the heart and muscles

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15
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to heart muscle
First branches off the aorta
One on each side of the heart (right and left coronary artery)

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16
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

A heart attack
Occurs when blood flow to a section of heart becomes blocked

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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18
Q

Lipids/cholesterol

A

Coat the walls of arteries causing them to harden and narrow

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19
Q

Anginapectoris

A

Chest pain or discomfort
Occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen rich blood

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20
Q

Holter monitor

A

Small device used to mesure electrical activity of the heart

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21
Q

Stress test

A

Used to diagnose coronary artery disease
Involves exercising and medication to make your heart work harder

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22
Q

Angiogram

A

Test uses and special x raya to show the inside of your coronary arteries

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23
Q

Cathetor

A

Put into a blood vessel in your upper thigh
Femoral artery

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24
Q

Angioplasty

A

Balloon used to open blockage in a coronary heart artery

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25
Stent
Small mesh tube usually placed in the newly widened part of the artery Holds up the artery and lowers the risk of the artery re narrowing
26
Coronary bypass surgery
Used to improve blood flow to the heart Healthy artery or vein from another part of the block is connected to the blocked coronary artery
27
Pulmonary circuit
Right side pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs Need to get rid of co2 to her oxygen
28
Systematic circuit
Left side pumps oxygenated blood to remainder of body
29
Arteries
Largest vessels Carry blood away from the heart
30
Arterides
Small subdivision of arteries Carry blood to capillaries Resistance vessels
31
Capillaries
Tiny thin walled vessels Allow for exchange between blood and body cells
32
Venules
Small vessels Receive blood from capillaries transport blood toward heart
33
Veins
Larger vessels Formed merging venules Carry blood towards heart
34
Arteries have more …
Smooth muscle tissue Elastic muscle tissue Veins have valves to allow one way blood flow
35
Varicose veins
Veins have become enlarged and twisted Common in legs Usually superficial veins
36
Deep vein thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot Clot could dislodge and travel to the lunch which is a pulmonary embolism
37
Continuous capillaries
Found in skeletal and smooth muscle and lunch Plasma membrane forms continuous tube Allows for diffusion of water and small solutes
38
Fenestrated capillaries
Have many fenestration’s (pores) greater permeability Quick exchange of fluids and solutes
39
Sinvsoids
Wider capillaries Large fenestirations and spaces between cells Allows proteins and sometimes blood cells to pass
40
Precapillary sphincters
Smooth muscle at entrance of capillary May close a capillary
41
Arteriole diameter
Can alter the amount of blood flow to different body structures to meet changing demands
42
Vasoconstriction
Decrease blood flow
43
Vasodilation
Increase blood flow
44
Auto regulation
Brain and kidney get constant flow even if change in blood pressure
45
Right side of heart
Receives blood from body tissue Pumps low oxygen blood to lungs
46
Left side of heart
Receives blood from lungs Pumps high oxygen blood to body tissues
47
Artria
Smaller Superior portion of the heart Receive blood from body from veins Less mascular pectinate muscle located on walls
48
Fossa ovalis
Closing of a passageway that would let blood flow from right atrium to left atrium before birth
49
Ventricles
Large chambers Lower portion of the heart Send blood to body cells out arteries
50
Right atrium
Receives blood from inferior vena cava and superior vena cava Sends blood to right ventricle
51
Right ventricle
Receives blood from right atrium Sends blood to lungs out pulmonary trunk
52
Left atrium
Received oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins Sends blood to left ventricle
53
Left ventricle
Received blood from left atrium Sends blood to body cells out aorta
54
Heart valves
Atrioventricular valves
55
Tricuspid valve
Right a v valve Separates right ventricle from right atrium
56
Mitral valve
Left a v valve Separates left atrium and left ventricle Prevents blood from flowing through
57
Pulmonary valve
Guards opening to pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle Regents blood from flowing from pulmonary trunk back to right ventricle
58
Aortic valve
Guards opening to the aorta from the left ventricle
59
First heart sound
Lubb Closing of atrioventricular valve
60
Second heart sound
Dupp Closing of sumilunar valves (Aortic and pulmonary valves)
61
Murmurs
Abnormal heart sounds due to valves not closing completely
62
Echocardiography
Uses sound waves to create images of your heart Size and shape of heart How well chambers and valves work
63
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle Lightly striated Cells have single nucleus Intercalated disks between cells
64
Sinatrial
Initiate heartbeat and pacemaker of the heart Atria contract
65
Atriovencular
Slow electrical signal
66
Atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches
Carry signal to bottom of ventricle (apex of heart)
67
Purkinje fibers
Carey signal back up through ventricle muscles Ventricles contract
68
P wave
Actions of atria
69
QRS wave
Contraction of ventricles
70
T wave
Resetting of ventricles
71
Bradycardia
Slower than normal heart rate Less than 60 beats per minute
72
Tachycardia
Faster than normal heart rate More than 100 beats per min
73
Fibrillation
Uncoordinated beating
74
Atrial fibrillation
Rapid disorganized electrical signals in the atria cause them to contract very fast and irregularly
75
Ventricular fibrillation
Very dangerous ventricles quiver instead of pump normallu
76
Automatic external defibrillator
Portable device that automatically diagnose arrhythmias
77
Sound of highest pressure
Systolox
78
Sound of lowest pressure
Diastolic
79
Normal BP
120:80
80
Hypertension
High blood pressure Less than 120/80
81
Stage 1 and 2 hypertension
Stage 1: 140-159/90-99 Stage 2: 160 and above/ 100 and above
82
Hypotension low blood pressure
Lower than 90/60 Medical concern only if it causes dizziness fainting or shock
83
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
84
Contractility
How hard individual muscle fibers in heart contract
85
Venous return
How much blood returned to the ventricles from veins
86
Resistance
Caused by friction between blood walls and blood vessels More resistance if higher blood pressure
87
Hemocrit
Percentage of blood made of cells
88
Heart rate
Usually around 70bpm
89
Stroke volume
Usually around 70-80 ML/beat
90
Heart pumps
At rest 5L/min Exercising 25L/min
91
Hipovolemic shock
Result of blood loss
92
Aneurysm
Localized blood filled dilation of a blood vessel cause by disease or weakening of the vessel wall

Biology (8 decks)

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