Chapter 9

Question 1

What are all the glands in the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain target cells

Question 3

Where do hormones travel through?

Answer 3

Blood stream

Question 4

What tissues do hormones affect?

Answer 4

Growth, thyroid, and insulin

Question 5

Cells must have what for a hormone to attach to in order for an effect to be seen?

Answer 5

Receptors

Question 6

Target cells are what?

Answer 6

Cells with receptors for that hormone

Question 7

What are Steroids?

Answer 7

Produced in the adrenal cortex and sex glands
Ex: testosterone

Question 8

What are non steroids?

Answer 8

Proteins or related compounds, include all hormones except steroids.
Ex: insulin

Question 9

Steroid hormones are …

Answer 9

Lipid based, Can cross the cell membrane.

Question 10

Non steroid hormones..

Answer 10

CANNOT enter cell since they are acid based.

Question 11

Negative feedback

Answer 11

The most common form of feedback
Endocrine gland over secretes hormone
Tissue becomes too active
Activity causes gland to decrease secretion

Question 12

Positive feedback

Answer 12

Hormone response produces more hormone
ex: labor contractions promoted by oxytocin

Question 13

Rhythmic pattern

Answer 13

Monthly pattern: hormones regulating female reproduction
Daily cycle: hormones from adrenal cortex regulate sleep patterns

Question 14

Promoted growth of all the body tissues

Answer 14

Growth hormone or somatotropin

Question 15

Stimulates milk production by mammary glands

Answer 15

Prolactin

Question 16

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 16

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone

Question 17

What stimulates adrenal cortex to produce hormones?

Answer 17

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 18

Follicle stimulating hormones in females

Answer 18

Stimulated green of ovary follicles, to release estrogen

Question 19

Follicle stimulating hormone for males

Answer 19

Stimulate growth of testes and production of sperm

Question 20

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 20

Females: causes ovulation
Males: stimulates testosterone secretion in males

Question 21

Pineal glad produces what?

Answer 21

Melatonin

Question 22

Melatonin helps what?

Answer 22

Regulate mood
Sleep wake cycle
Regulates sexual development

Question 23

The pituitary gland is located where

Answer 23

In cranium

Question 24

Master gland

Answer 24

Releases hormones that affect working of other glands

Question 25

Pituitary gland is CONTROLLED by

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 26

Promotes reabsorption of water in kidney At high concentration it stimulates the constriction of blood vessels- raise blood vessels

Question 27

Oxytocin

Answer 27

Causes contraction in the uterine muscles for labor Causes ejection of milk from mammary glands

Question 28

Calcitonin

Answer 28

Lowers calcium in blood Promotes storage of excess calcium in bone Done by osteoblasts

Question 29

Adrenal glands

Answer 29

Two small glands on top of kidneys. Each flas has two parts that act separately

Question 30

Medulla

Answer 30

Inner

Question 31

Cortex

Answer 31

Outer

Question 32

Epinephrine

Answer 32

Adrenaline hormone (fight or flight) Prepares body for emergency

Question 33

Cortisol

Answer 33

Raises level of nutrients in the blood. Ex: glucose and amino acids

Question 34

Aldosterone

Answer 34

Promotes sodium retention in kidneys. Regulate electrolyte valence Increase blood volume and pressure

Question 35

Androgens

Answer 35

Contributes to growth before puberty

Question 36

Androgens at puberty

Answer 36

Stimulate growth of auxiliary and pubic hair

Question 37

Androgens after puberty in females

Answer 37

Play important role in sex drive Converted into estrogen

Question 38

Thymus gland

Answer 38

Mass of lymphoid tissue on upper chest superior to heart Important in development of immunity

Question 39

Insulin

Answer 39

Lowers blood sugar level Promotes liver to take up glucose and make glycogen

Question 40

Glucagon

Answer 40

Increase blood sugar level Liver makes glucose from protein

Question 41

Exocrine glands make?

Answer 41

Digestive enzymes

Question 42

Endocrine glands are?

Answer 42

Pancreatic islets, specialized pancreas cells that secrete hormones

Question 43

Glucagon is released when

Answer 43

Blood glucose is low

Question 44

Insulin is released when

Answer 44

Blood glucose is too high

Question 45

Hypoglycemia

Answer 45

Abnormally low blood glucose levels

Question 46

Hyperglycemia

Answer 46

Abnormally high blood glucose levels

Question 47

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 47

Disease of sugar retention

Question 48

Testosterone

Answer 48

Formation of male productive organs

Question 49

Estrogen

Answer 49

Stimulated growth of sex organs

Question 50

Progesterone

Answer 50

Helps regulate female reproductive cycle Fertilization, implantation, and growth of fetus

Question 51

Thyroid hormones

Answer 51

Treat hypothyroid comditions

Question 52

Androgens treat?

Answer 52

Healing Used in tissue building

Question 53

Adrenal steroids treat?

Answer 53

Used for relief of inflammation such as asthma or arthritis

Question 54

Epinephrine helps with?

Answer 54

Heart muscle Asthmatic attacks Acute allergic reactions