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Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system helps with what?

A

Maintain Homeostasis

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2
Q

Central nervous system contains

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system contains what

A

Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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4
Q

What send Signals TO the CNS

A

Sensory divison

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5
Q

What OUTPUTS from the CNS

A

Motor division

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6
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

Controlled voluntarily
Stimulates skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

Controlled Involuntary movement
Stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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8
Q

Automic nervous system is divided into what

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

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9
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepares body for emergency
Ex: fight or flight

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10
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

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11
Q

Nervous system is made up of what 2 cells

A

Neurons and neuroglial cells

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12
Q

What are neurons

A

Conduct impulses
Unique structure
Functional cells

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13
Q

What are neuroglial cells

A

Regulate and protect neurons

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14
Q

What is the main portion of the cell

A

Cell body

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15
Q

Nucleus holds what

A

DNA

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16
Q

What are dendrites

A

Receive signals
Carries impulses TOWARDS the cellbody
Vary in number

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17
Q

What is an axon

A

Only one
Sends signals
Carry impulses AWAY from the cell

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18
Q

What is the axon terminal

A

Axon releases neurotransmitters to affect the next cell

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19
Q

What is myelin sheath

A

Protects and insulates axon

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20
Q

What are neuroglia cells

A

Protect nervous tissue
Supports nervous tissue
AIDS in cell repair
Remove pathogens

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21
Q

Ependymal cella

A

Form barrier between brain and cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord (controls chemical environment of neurons)

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22
Q

What are astrocytes

A

Pass materials from blood vessels to neurons
Form a blood brain barrier

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Microglial cells

A

Small cells
Phagocytosis of unwanted substances in the CNS

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25
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath in the PNS Insulates and protects axons and conducts impulses faster
26
Sensory neurons
Receptors help detect stimuli Part of the PNS
27
Interneurons
Gets info from sensory neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
28
Motor neurons
Gets into from Interneurons Conduct impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands
29
Bipolar neuron
One main dendrite, one axon, Ex: Retina of eye and inner ear
30
Unipolar neurons
One cellular process One end has receptive surfaces other end has synaptic bulbs
31
Multipolar neurons
Several dendrites. ONE axon
32
Electrical impulses
From dendrite to cell body, to cell body to axon
33
Negative charge
Membrane of the axon Carrie’s a potential electrical charge
34
All or none response
The charge always changes the same amount Strength does not change
35
Depolarization
Charge turns positive, axon opens sodium channels, sodium rushes inside it becomes positive
36
Repolarization
Neuron returns to a negative charge needs to get rid of positive charge so it lets out potassium when that gets let out it becomes negative again
37
Synapse
Junction point for transmitting nerve impulse
38
Synaptic cleft
Space between the teo
39
Cerebrum
Largest portion of the brain
40
Longitudinal fissure
Divide into left and right hemispheres
41
Corpus callosum
Nerves that connect two halves
42
Cerebral cortex
Outer ring of gray matter Controls thought memory reasoning planning and voluntary movements
43
Parkinson’s disease
Muscle tremors and eventually loose all mobility
44
Frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex Conscious control over skeletal muscles
45
Prefrontal cortex
Planning complex behaviors Personality and expression
46
Primary somatosensory
Touch pain and temperature
47
Opposite side of body
Hemisphere controls ?
48
Auditory cortex
In the temporal lobes Receives and interprets impulses from ear
49
Wenickes area
Interpret meaning of speech
50
Thalamus
Sorts sensory impulses Directs impulses within cerebral cortex
51
Pineal gland
Secretes melatonin
52
Hypothalamus
Maintain homeostasis
53
Endocrine
Sends signals to the pituitary gland
54
Midbrain
Reflexes involving ears and eyes
55
Pons
Respiratory center Rate and depth of breathing
56
Medulla oblongata
Breathing Heart rate Dilation of blood vessels Coughing and sneezing
57
Rectificar activating system
Sleep and arousal from sleep
58
Alpha waves
Relaxation closing eyes
59
Beta waves
Active busy or anxious thinking
60
Theta waves
Drowsiness and waking up from sleep
61
Delta
Sleep
62
Acending tracts
Carry sensory information up to the brain
63
Decending tracts
Carry motor responses down from the brain
64
Cavada equina
Extension of the nerves through the vertebrae past the spinal cord
65
Dorsal root
From the spinal nerves it carry’s sensory Information to the spinal cord
66
Ventral root
Carries motor info from the spinal cord out to spinal nerves
67
Dura matter
Outermost layer
68
Epidural space
Surrounds dura matter in spinal
69
Arachronoid matter
Middle layer
70
Subarachnoid space
Under arachnoid layer
71
Pia matter
Inner most thin layer
72
Trochlear
Motor impulses for moving one eye muscle
73
Trigeminal
Sensory info from eye to upper jaw
74
Abducens
Motor to move one of the eye muscles

Biology (8 decks)

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