Chapter 12

Question 1

What is Organic Chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of compounds of carbon

Question 2

What are Hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Organic compounds that only contains carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 3

Organic compounds with carbon - carbon single bonds are called?
What degrees is the angle, What’s the shape?

Answer 3

Alkanes

Question 4

Organic compounds with carbon - carbon double bonds are called?
What degrees is the angle, What’s the shape?

Answer 4

Alkenes

Question 5

Organic compounds with carbon - carbon triple bonds are called?
What degrees is the angle, What’s the shape?

Answer 5

Alkynes

Question 6

What is Molecular Formula?

Answer 6

Lists kind and number of each type of atom in a molecule, no bonding pattern.

Question 7

What is Condensed Formula?

Answer 7

Shows each atom and bond in a molecule.

Question 8

What is Structural Formula?

Answer 8

Shows all atoms in a molecule in order, indicating which atoms are bonded to which.

Question 9

What is Line Formula?

Answer 9

A way to represent a molecule’s structure by using lines to indicate carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 10

What is the general formula for a Alkane?

Answer 10

CnH2n+2
n = the number of carbon atoms in the molecule

Question 11

What are Cycloalkanes?

Answer 11

A hydrocarbon that contains the carbon atoms arranged in a ring

Question 12

What is the general formula for a Cycloalkane? What is the Degrees?

Answer 12

CnH2n
109.5

Question 13

What are Structural Isomers?

Answer 13

Structural Isomers have the same formula, but the carbon atoms can be connected differently.
- Alkanes containing 4 or more carbon atoms can form structural isomers.

Question 14

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Meth-

Answer 14

1

Question 15

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Eth-

Answer 15

2

Question 16

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Prop-

Answer 16

3

Question 17

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix But-

Answer 17

4

Question 18

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Pent-

Answer 18

5

Question 19

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Hex-

Answer 19

6

Question 20

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Hept-

Answer 20

7

Question 21

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Oct-

Answer 21

8

Question 22

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Non-

Answer 22

9

Question 23

How many carbon atoms are there in the Prefix Dec-

Answer 23

10

Question 24

How do you Write a Substituent?

Answer 24

A substituent is named by adding -yl to the root name for the number of carbons atoms in a substituent.

Question 25

What's the Greek Prefix for 2?

Answer 25

di-

Question 26

What's the Greek Prefix for 3?

Answer 26

tri-

Question 27

What's the Greek Prefix for 4?

Answer 27

tetra-

Question 28

What's the Greek Prefix for 5?

Answer 28

penta-

Question 29

How do you write the Substituent Br-?

Answer 29

Bromo

Question 30

How do you write the Substituent F-?

Answer 30

Fluoro

Question 31

How do you write the Substituent I-?

Answer 31

Iodo

Question 32

How do you write the Substituent Cl-?

Answer 32

Chloro

Question 33

What are the Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons?

Answer 33

- Nonpolar molecules - Not water soluble - Has low boiling and melting points - Less dense (lighter) than water - The more carbons in the molecule, the higher the boiling and melting points are. - Cycloalkanes have higher boiling and melting points than straight-chain alkanes with the same number of carbons.

Question 34

Carbon-Carbon single bonds __ rotate, while Carbon-Carbon double __ rotate. Explain this concept.

Answer 34

Alkanes or C-C are flexible. While Alkenes or C=C are rigid.

Question 35

Explain Cis-Trans Isomerism.

Answer 35

- Because alkenes are rigid, they can show cis-tras isomers. Cis= same side Trans= different sides - Cis-Trans isomers have different physical properties Cis-Trans isomerism in alkynes doesn't exist because the molecule of linear

Question 36

What are the two types of reactions of Alkenes?

Answer 36

Addition: two molecules combine to give one new molecule Redox: Oxidation and Reduction

Question 37

What are Oxidation and Reduction Reactions?

Answer 37

Oxidation: - adding of oxygen - removal of hydrogen Reduction: - removal of oxygen - adding of hydrogen

Question 38

Explain Redox Reduction Reactions.

Answer 38

Reduction occurs in the presence of a metal catalyst and hydrogen gas - The double bond goes away, it goes from alkene -> alkane

Question 39

Explain Addition Reactions.

Answer 39

Addition can occur with a number of reactions. This reaction is regioselective. - H+ goes to the carbon with the most hydrogens - OH goes to the carbon with the least hydrogens (Markovnikov''s Rule) alkene -> alcohol

Question 40

Explain Benzene Molecules.

Answer 40

The simplest member of Aromatic Hydrocarbons is benzene. - The bonds in benzene do not have the same characteristics as single of double bonds

Question 41

Name this Molecule

Answer 41

Toluene

Question 42

Name this Molecule

Answer 42

Phenol

Question 43

Name this Molecule

Answer 43

Aniline

Question 44

Name this Prefix

Answer 44

o- (ortho) o-dichlorobenzene

Question 45

Name this Prefix

Answer 45

m- (meta) m-dichlorobenzene

Question 46

Name this Prefix

Answer 46

p- (para) p-dichlorobenzene

Question 47

What is the General Formula for a Alkane?

Answer 47

C6H14

Question 48

What is the General Formula for a Alkene?

Answer 48

C6H12

Question 49

What is the General Formula for a Alkyne?

Answer 49

C6H10

Question 50

Are you going to get an A?

Answer 50

YES!