Chapter 18 Flashcards
How many bonds does Nitrogen have? What are the classes of Nitrogen?
Nitrogen has 3 bonds
Classes:
- Amines
- Amides
What are Amines? Explain them.
Amines are the most important type of organic base found in nature.
- They contain nitrogen
- They are derivatives of ammonia
- They can be classified as first, second, and third degree based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom
What is it called when Amines are apart of a ring?
If part of a aliphatic ring, they are called heterocyclic aliphatic amine
If part of a aromatic ring , they are called heterocyclic aromatic amine
How are amines named?
Amines are named similarly to alcohols
- Longest chain containing amino group is named for the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen followed by the prefix -amine
- If there is an alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, the prefix N and the alkyl name are placed in front of the amine name.
- If there are two alkyl groups bonded to the N atom, the prefix N is used for each, and they are listed alphabetically.
What is this structure called?
Aniline
What are the Physical Properties of Amines?
- Very pungent smell
- Polar compounds
- 1st and 2nd degree amines form hydrogen bonds to themselves but not as strongly as alcohols
- 3rd degree amines cannot form hydrogen bonds to themselves because there is no hydrogen
- They have boiling points less than alcohols
Explain the Solubility of Amines.
- Amines with one to six carbon atoms, including tertiary amines, are soluble in water.
- As the number of carbon atoms in an amine increases in the nonpolar alkyl portions, the effect of hydrogen bonding is diminished.
T/F: Amines are basic, they attract H+
True
Explain how Amines React as Bases in Water.
Ammonia (NH3) 1st and 2nd degree amines act as a Bronsted-Lowry base. Nitrogens lone electron pair accepts H+ from water to produce an ammonium ion (NH4)+ and a hydroxide ion.
Explain Quaternary Ammonium Salts.
- A nitrogen atom is bonded to four carbon groups, which classifies it as a quaternary amine (4th degree).
- The nitrogen atom has a positive charge and is not bonded to an H atom.
Explain Amides.
Amides are derivatives of carboxylic acids.
They are produced:
- by a reaction called amidation or condensation
- when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia or a primary/secondary amine and heat.
Explain how to name Amides.
Names are derivatives from carboxylic acids.
- The suffix of the parent acid (-oic acid) is replaced with -amide
What is this structure called?
Benzamide
Explain the Physical Properties of Amides.
- Amides can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor because of the C=O groups
- Since they can hydrogen bond to water they are relatively more soluble than corresponding alkanes
- Their boiling points are higher than corresponding alkanes
- Amides are not bases
- They are solid at room temperature
