Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is a Carbonyl Group?
C=O
What is a aldehyde structure?
-CHO
Explain aldehydes and how to name them.
Aldehydes must have at least one hydrogen attached to the carbon containing the O group.
Naming:
- Find the longest carbon chain containing the aldehyde group
- Change the suffix -e to -al
- The carbonyl carbon is always #1
Explain how to name Aromatic Aldehydes.
End the name of the structure with “benzaldehyde”
Ex: 2-ethylbenzaldehyde
What is a ketones structure?
C=O
Explain ketones and how to name them.
Ketones must have a carbon attached to each side of the carbon containing the O group.
Naming:
- Find the longest chain containing the ketone group
- Change the suffix -e to -one
- Number in the direction that gives the smaller number to the carbonyl carbon
Explain how to name cyclic ketones.
Use the prefix -cyclo in front of the parent name
Ex: 3-methylcyclopentanone
Explain the physical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Carbonyl group is polar
- The oxygen on the carbonyl group is a hydrogen bond acceptor
Aldehydes and Ketones cannot form hydrogen bonds
- Because carbonyl compounds cannot form hydrogen bonds, they have boiling points lower than corresponding alcohols.
Aldehydes and Ketones are soluble in water
- As molecular weight increases, the aldehyde or ketone becomes more alkane like and less soluble in water
Explain the boiling points of Aldehydes and Ketones.
There are dipole-diople attraction between polar groups
- Higher boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass as a result of dipole-dipole attractions
- Lower boiling points than alcohols of similar mass because they do not form hydrogen bonds
The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones increase as the number of carbon atoms increase
Arrange the boiling points from least to greatest, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alcohol, Alkane
Explain Oxidation reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones.
- Addition of oxygen
- Removal of hydrogen will not happen
Oxidation reactions don’t happen with ketones
*remember the catalyst
Explain Reduction reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Adding one or more hydrogen
turns into a alcohol
Explain Acetal/Hemiacetal reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Adding an alcohol to a carbonyl
What’s the priority list for naming compounds?
Will you get an A on this exam?
YES!
