Chapter 13

Question 1

What is the Molecule for Alcohol?

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

What is the Molecule for Phenols?

Answer 2

Ar-OH
(benzene with a -OH molecule)

Question 3

What is the Molecule for Ethers?

Answer 3

R-O-R

Question 4

What is the Molecule for Thiols?

Answer 4

-SH

Question 5

The simplest alcohol structure is called?

Answer 5

Methanol CH3-OH

Question 6

Explain the structure of an alcohol.

Answer 6

The oxygen in an alcohol can only form two bonds, one to carbon and one to hydrogen.

Question 7

What is the alkoxy group for -OH?

Answer 7

Hydroxy

Question 8

What is the alkoxy group for -OCH3?

Answer 8

Methoxy

Question 9

What is the alkoxy group for -OCH2CH3?

Answer 9

Ethoxy

Question 10

What is the alkoxy group for -OCH2CH2CH3?

Answer 10

Propoxy

Question 11

What is the prefix ending for naming alcohols?

Answer 11

Change the ending of name of the parent alkane from -e to -ol.

Question 12

Explain the classification of alcohols?

Answer 12

Alcohols are classified by the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group.
- Alcohols can be classified as 1,2, and 3rd degree

Question 13

Two -OH groups are called?

Answer 13

diols

Question 14

Three -OH groups are called?

Answer 14

triols

Question 15

How do you name alcohols that have more than one -OH group.

Answer 15

If there is more than one -OH group, keep the “e” on the end of the parent name.

ex: 1,2-ethanediol

Question 16

Explain the Physical Properties of Alcohols.

Answer 16

• Hydrogen bonds are weak attractive forces between molecules
• Alcohols form hydrogen bonds due to their -OH group
• Stronger attraction = higher boiling points
• Alcohols are more solubles in water than similar weight hydrocarbons
• As the molecule weight increase, they become less soluble in water

Question 17

What is the prefix ending for naming Phenols?

Answer 17

The prefix name is phenol

ex: 4-ethylphenol

Question 18

Explain the structure of Ethers.

Answer 18

Methoxymethane is the simplest ether CH3-O-CH3
- The oxygen in an ether can only form two bonds, one to each carbon atom

Question 19

Explain how to name a Ether.

Answer 19

• Number the longest carbon chain from the end closest to the alkoxy group number it. Name it as a alkane.
• Name the shorter carbon chain with the ending -oxy.

ex: 1-ethoxybutane

Question 20

Explain the physical properties of Ethers.

Answer 20

• Boiling points are similars to hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight.
• Boiling points are lower than the corresponding alcohols.
• Ethers are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons because the oxygen atom and hydrogen bonds.

Question 21

What is the simplest Thiol?

Answer 21

methanethiol
CH3-SH

Question 22

Explain how to name Thiols.

Answer 22

The name ends in the prefix -thiol, keeping the “e” on the alkane name.

Question 23

What are the physical properties of Thiols?

Answer 23

• Thiols are much less polar than alcohols
• They are less soluble in water than alcohols
• Skunk sent has thiol in it

Question 24

Explain Dehydration Reaction of Alcohols.

Answer 24

Molecule goes from alcohol->alkene

• The major molecule has less hydrogens attached to the double bond
• The minor molecule has more hydrogens attached to the double bond
• The more hydrogens attached to the molecule the less stable it is

*remember the catalyst

Question 25

Explain Oxidation Reaction of Alcohols.

Answer 25

- Removal of hydrogen - Addition of oxygen 2 hydrogen atoms have to go 1 oxygen atom has to be added *remember the catalyst