Chapter 12

Question 1

Communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion

Answer 1

Rhetoric

Question 2

What are 3 functions of rhetorical communication is society?

Answer 2

1. helps strengthen democratic societies
2. helps people pursue justice
3. helps people clarify their own beliefs and actions

Question 3

What are some advantages of studying rhetoric?

Answer 3

1. understanding viewpoints surrounding social issues
2. understanding cultures
3. critically evaluate and respond to persuasive messages
4. become better communicators

Question 4

An informed consumer of rhetorical discourse who is prepared to analyse rhetorical texts

Answer 4

Rhetorical critic

Question 5

A method for generating knowledge about rhetoric

Answer 5

Rhetorical criticism

Question 6

The first group to teach persuasive speaking skills in the Greek city-states

Answer 6

Sophists

Question 7

Sophists style of persuasive speaking skills is seen how today?

Answer 7

unethical in today’s environment

Question 8

Rejected the relativist approach and used rhetoric to search for “absolute” universal truth

Answer 8

Plato

Question 9

Believed skillful persuasion was needed to defend truth and justice

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Who was the greatest Roman orator?

Answer 10

Cicero

Question 11

A public speaker

Answer 11

Orator

Question 12

Who used rhetoric for the public good and found that public speaking typically strives to inform, to entertain, and to persuade

Answer 12

Cicero

Question 13

He represented the Catholic Church’s thought that rhetoric could be used to represent divine truth

Answer 13

Augustine

Question 14

What 2 things is the definition of rhetoric based upon?

Answer 14

• the person offering the definition

- the historical period in which the definition is offered

Question 15

A person or institution that addresses a large audience; the originator of a communication message but not necessarily the one delivering it

Answer 15

Rhetor

Question 16

Every rhetor holds a social position that determines what 2 things?

Answer 16

His/her right to speak

his/her right to access civic speaking spaces

Question 17

Artistic skills of a rhetor that influence effectivness

Answer 17

Artistic proofs

Question 18

What are the 2 artistic proofs

Answer 18

ethos, pathos, logos

Question 19

The proof of ___ has to do with the credibility of the rhetor and the rhetorical construction of character

Answer 19

Ethos

Question 20

The identity one creates through one’s public communication efforts

Answer 20

Persona

Question 21

The proof of ____ has to do with a rhetor’s use of emotions in public communication. The use of emotions to affect audience decision making

Answer 21

Pathos

Question 22

The proof of ____ has to do with the use of rational appeals; the use of rhetoric to help the audience see the rationale for a particular conclusion

Answer 22

Logos

Question 23

Place in the social hierarchy, which comes from the way society is structured

Answer 23

Social position

Question 24

Those people who can take the appropriate action in response to a message

Answer 24

Rhetorical audience

Question 25

What are the 4 functions of rhetoric?

Answer 25

1. reaffirming cultural values 2. increasing democratic participation 3. securing justice 4. promoting social change

Question 26

Any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse

Answer 26

Rhetorical event

Question 27

Each rhetorical event will bring out a range of rhetors seeking to explain the event and to reaffirm cultural values through praising and blaming, called?

Answer 27

Epideictic rhetoric

Question 28

The type of rhetoric used to argue what a society should do in the future, and allows citizens an opportunity for critical listening and decision making, increasing democratic participation

Answer 28

Deliberative rhetoric

Question 29

The arena in which deliberative decision making occurs through the exhange of ideas and arguments

Answer 29

Public sphere

Question 30

Deliberative rhetoric focuses on what?

Answer 30

The public sphere

Question 31

Rhetoric that addresses events that happened in the past with the goal of setting things right after an injustice has occurred

Answer 31

Forensic rhetoric

Question 32

This negotiates ideas about what is just and unjust. Changes over time

Answer 32

Forensic rhetoric

Question 33

Rhetorical events can prompt social change by this, a large, organized body of people who are attempting to create social change

Answer 33

Social movement

Question 34

T/F: There is no set list of rules to guide ethical choices

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: Social media can shape rhetorical discussions

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What are some ethical guidelines for receivers of communication

Answer 36

1. be willing to listen to a range of perspectives 2. avoid being silenced by information overload 3. listen critically to the rhetor 4. speak out publicly if a rhetor demeans others 5. fairly assess what you hear 6. be willing to change your wind 7. speak out if you hear misinformation

Question 37

Whichever of three goals -- to inform, persuade, or entertain -- dominates a speech

Answer 37

General purpose

Question 38

What is step one in the synergetic model?

Answer 38

1. Identify your general purpose

Question 39

What are the 3 common objectives in public speaking?

Answer 39

1. informative speeches (instruct, explain, define, demonstrate, clarify, or teach) 2. persuasive speeches (influence, convince, motivate, sell, preach, or stimulate action) 3. Evocative speeches

Question 40

Evocative speeches intended to entertain, inspire, celebrate, commemorate, or build community

Answer 40

Special-occasion speeches

Question 41

What is step 2 in the synergetic model?

Answer 41

2. understanding your audience

Question 42

The process of determining what an audience already knows or wants to know about a topic, who they are, what they know or need to know about the speaker, and what their expectations might be for the presentation

Answer 42

Audience analysis

Question 43

The portion of an audience analysis that considers the ages, races, sexes, sexual orientations, religions, and social class of the audience

Answer 43

Demographic analysis

Question 44

What is step 3 of the synergetic model?

Answer 44

3. selecting your topic

Question 45

What is step 4 of the synergetic model?

Answer 45

4. identifying a specific purpose

Question 46

What a speaker wants to inform or persuade an audience about, or the type of feelings the speaker wants to evoke

Answer 46

Specific purpose

Question 47

Identifying this, a statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker's position on it, is the next step in narrowing the purpose and direction of your speech

Answer 47

Thesis statement

Question 48

Information that supports the speaker's ideas. Examples are electronic sources, print sources, and personal sources

Answer 48

Supporting materials

Question 49

Audiovisual materials that help a speaker reach intended speech goals

Answer 49

Visual aids

Question 50

When your are organizing your presentation, the first step is to choose what?

Answer 50

An organizational pattern

Question 51

Your organizational pattern should have how many points? These main points should be divided into?

Answer 51

3-5 main points | divided into 3-5 subpoints each

Question 52

A pattern that follows a timeline (timeline)

Answer 52

Chronological pattern

Question 53

A pattern that arranges points by location and can be used to describe something small (location)

Answer 53

Spatial pattern

Question 54

A pattern that has no innate organization except that imposed by the speaker (logical)

Answer 54

Topical pattern

Question 55

A pattern in which the speaker describes various aspects of a problem and then proposes solutions

Answer 55

Problem-solution pattern

Question 56

A pattern that is used to create understanding and agreement, and sometimes to argue for a specific action

Answer 56

Cause-effect pattern

Question 57

Opening material of a speech from which the audience members gain a first impression of the speech's content and of the speaker

Answer 57

Introduction

Question 58

Transitions in a speech that help an audience understand the speacker's organization, making it easier to follow

Answer 58

Signposts

Question 59

Closing material of a speech where the speaker reviews the main points, may challenge the audience to act, and leaves the audience with a positive view of speaker and topic

Answer 59

Conclusion

Question 60

These are examples of: | "my first point, my second point" "lets begin with" "my next point"

Answer 60

Signposts

Question 61

Speakers should develop this, or an image

Answer 61

Persona

Question 62

The presentation of a speech before an audience

Answer 62

Delievery

Question 63

Looking directly into the eyes of another

Answer 63

Eye contact