Chapter 12: Muscularskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
arthritis
A
inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness
2
Q
arthoplasty
A
surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint
3
Q
articulation
A
connection between two bones, also called a joint
4
Q
contraction
A
shortening or tightening of a muscle
5
Q
musculoskeletal
A
pertaining to muscles and the skeleton
6
Q
radiography
A
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
7
Q
synovial fluid
A
lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
8
Q
fasci/o
A
band, fascia
9
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber, fibrous tissue
10
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle
11
Q
lumb/o
A
loins
12
Q
muscul/o, my/o
A
muscle
13
Q
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
A
tendon
14
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bones)
15
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri
16
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
17
Q
crani/o
A
cranium
18
Q
humer/o
A
humerus (upper arm bone)
19
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpus (hand bones)
20
Q
phalang/o
A
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
21
Q
spondyl/o, verterbr/o
A
vertebra (backbone)
22
Q
stern/o
A
sternum (breastbone)
23
Q
calcane/o
A
calcaneum (heel bone)
24
Q
femor/o
A
femur (thigh bone)
25
fibul/o
fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
26
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
27
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis
28
radi/o
radiation, x-ray
29
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
30
ankyl/o
stiffness, bent, crooked
31
arthr/o
joint
32
chondr/o
cartilage
33
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
34
orth/o
straight
34
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
35
oste/o
bone
36
-clasia
to break; surgical fracture
37
-clast
to break
38
-plegia
paralysis
39
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
40
dia-
through, across
41
peri-
around
42
muscular dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
43
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids
44
rotator cuff injury
injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons
45
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward
46
strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
47
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck
48
arthritis
inflammation of a joint with pain, swelling, and changes in structure
49
gouty
arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body, or gout
50
osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs and destruction of articular cartilage
51
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe with an abnormal enlargement of the join at the base of the great toe
52
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting form compression of the median nerve, within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
53
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
54
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
55
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops bone marrow, usually the long bones of the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys
56
ganglion cyst
noncancerous, jellylike, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but may appear at feet
57
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae
58
osteomyelitis
infection that encompasses all bone components, including bone marrow
59
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
60
pagent disease
abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity
61
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
62
sequestrum
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
63
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes, or clubfoot
64
spinal curvatures
abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis
65
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture
66
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading into a swayback posture
67
scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually caused pain, disk disease, or arthritis
68
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
69
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease of unknown orgin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae
70
spondylolisthesis
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first scral verebra
71
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint
72
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated purposes, instill medication, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain
73
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thing, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthoscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures
74
arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congential deformity
75
total hiparthroplasty
replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with protheses that are fastened into the bone
76
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
77
bone reabsorption
reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen osteoporosis and Pageant disease
78
gold salts
treat rheumatoid arthritis inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression
79
muscle relaxants
relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness
80
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions and inflammatory disorders
