Chapter 7: The Digestive System Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
oral cavity
A
food enters the body, teeth crush food into smaller pieces
2
Q
pharynx (throat)
A
food passageway form mouth to esophagus, air passageway from nose to larynx
3
Q
esophagus
A
food is pushed toward stomach by peristalsis
4
Q
stomach
A
food transformed into chyme, pyloric sphincter allows chyme to pass into small intestine
5
Q
chyme
A
a semi-fluid mass of partially digested food and digestive juices that moves from the stomach to the small intestine
6
Q
peristalsis
A
a series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food, fluids, and urine throughout the body
7
Q
Small Intestine (small bowel)
A
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum (in that order)
8
Q
large intestine
A
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon and rectum (rectum is the last part of the colon)
9
Q
Liver
A
Largest glandular organ in the body, manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes, removes toxins from blood, manufactures bile that aids in digestion of fats, stores and releases glycogen as needed by the body
10
Q
glycogen
A
a complex carbohydrate that stores glucose, the body’s main source of energy
11
Q
gallbladder
A
stores and releases bile recieved from the liver
12
Q
pancreas
A
produces enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins, starches, and fats , secretes insulin and glucagon
13
Q
act of chewing
A
mastication
14
Q
oro/o, stomat/o
A
mouth
15
Q
dent/o, odont/o:
A
teeth
16
Q
gloss/o, lingu/o
A
tounge
17
Q
pancreat/o:
A
pancreas
18
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
19
Q
chol/e
A
byle
20
Q
choledoch/o
A
byle duct
21
Q
duoden/o:
A
duadenum
22
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
23
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
24
Q
enter/o
A
intestines
25
col/o, colon/o
colon
26
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
27
rect/o
rectum
28
an/o
anus
29
proct/o
anus, rectum
30
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, caused by obstruction or infection, pain located in RLQ
31
diverticulitis
acute inflammation of diverticula, pain located in LLQ
32
cholelithiasis
cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis - formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts
33
sigmoidoscopy
examination of the lower third of the colon only
34
colonoscopy
examination of entire length of the colon
35
upper gastrointestinal series
images of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after ingestion of barium
36
lower gastrointestinal series
images of the rectum and colon after administration of a barium enema into rectum and identifies obstructions tumors, or other abnormalities of the colon
37
bariatric surgery
vertical banded gastroplasty
38
colostomy
creation of an opening into the colon through the surface of the abdomen
39
polypectomy
excision of a small tumor like
40
antacids
counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach
41
antidiarrheals
control loose stools
42
antiemetics
control nausea and vomiting
43
laxatives
treat constipation
44
dent/o, odont/o
teeth
45
gingiv/o
gums
46
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
47
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
48
ptyal/o
salvia
49
sial/o
salvia, salivary glands
50
esophag/o
esophagus
51
gastr/o
stomach
52
pharyng/o
pharynx
53
pylor/o
pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum
54
duoden/o
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
55
enter/o
intestine (small intestine usually)
56
jejun/o
jejunum (second part of the small intestine)
57
ile/o
ileum (third part of the small intestine)
58
an/o
anus
59
colon/o, col/o
colon
60
proct/o
anus, rectum
61
rect/o
rectum
62
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
63
cholangi/o
bile vessel
64
chol/e
bile, gall
65
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
66
choledoch/o
bile duct
67
pancreat/o
pancreas
68
-orexia
appetite
69
-osis
abnormal condition
70
-pepsia
digestion
71
-prandial
meal
72
rrhea
discharge, flow
73
endo-
in, within
74
hemat-
blood
75
hypo-
under, below, deficient
76
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix flowed by infection that is related with surgery
77
ascites
pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure
78
borborygmus
gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines
79
cirrhossi
chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
80
diverticular disease
formation of bulging pouches throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon
81
fistula
abnormal tunnels connecting two body cavities
82
gastroesophageal reflux
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
83
hematochezia
passage of brigh red, bloody stools
84
hemorrhoid
mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum
85
hernia
protrusion or projection of an organ or a apart of an organ through the wall of the cavity that it normally contains
86
strangulated
hernia whos blood supply has been cut off
87
inflammatory bowel disease
disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines
88
Crohn disease
Chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract by its inflammatory patter, which tends to be patchy or segmented
89
ulcerative colitis
chronic IBD o the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain
90
irritable bowel syndrome
common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon
91
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and a sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in blood
92
obesity
condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25
93
morbid obesity
more severe obesity in which a person has a BMI of 40 or greater
94
ulcer
open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing or inflamed necrotic tissue
95
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
96
barium enema (BE)
radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum
97
barium enema
radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of the barium sulfate
98
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts
99
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using and endoscope
100
stool guaiac
test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection
101
bariatric surgery
any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity
102
vertical banded gastroplasty
bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to ta small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
103
roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
a weight-loss surgery that reduces the size of the stomach and reroutes food through the digestive system
104
colostomy
excision of a disease part of the colon and relocation of the reaming end of the healthy colon though the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
105
lithotripsy
eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or by using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it
106
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones into the gallbladder and biliary ducts
107
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tub through the nostrils, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach, deliver medication, food, or fluids, or specimen for laboratory analysis
108
polypectomy
excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths that project from a mucous membrane surface
109
antacids
neutralize acids in the stomach
110
antidiarrheals
control loose stools and relive diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
111
antiemetics
control nauseas and vomiting by blocking nerve impulse to the vomiting center of the brain
112
laxatives
relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract
