Chapter 12 Musculoskeltal Function

Question 1

Connect bones to bones in a joint and provide support to the joint

Answer 1

Ligaments

Question 2

A layer of connective tissue called the ______ covers compact bone surfaces

Answer 2

Periosteum

Question 3

The periosteum serves as the site of muscle attachment via

Answer 3

Tendons

Question 4

The _______ is richly supplied with blood vessels that enter the bone at numerous sites

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

Almost every muscle in the body attaches to bones through structures such as

Answer 5

Tendons

Question 6

Are specialized tough cords or bands of connective tissue that are continuous extensions of the periosteum

Answer 6

Tendons

Question 7

Is a systemic autoimmune condition involving multiple joints

Answer 7

RA rheumatoid arthritis

Question 8

Usually affects joints on both sides of the body equally. Wrists, fingers, knees, feet and ankles are the most commonly affected.

Answer 8

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

Is an inflammatory disease resulting from deposits of uric acid crystals In tissues and fluids within the body

Answer 9

Gout

Question 10

Also known as wear and tear arthritis and degenerative joint disease, is a localized joint disease characterized by deterioration of articulating cartilage and its underlying bone as well as bony overgrowth

Answer 10

Osteoarthritis

Question 11

The joints most commonly affected by OA are the

Answer 11

Knees, hips, and joints in the hands and spine

Question 12

Is a break in the rigid structure of the bone as a result of applied pressure

Answer 12

Fracture

Question 13

A fracture with a single break in the bone and which bone ends maintain their alignment and position

Answer 13

Simple fracture

Question 14

A fracture straight across the bone shaft

Answer 14

Transverse fracture

Question 15

A fracture at an angle to the bone shaft

Answer 15

Oblique fracture

Question 16

A fracture that twists around the bone shaft

Answer 16

Spiral fracture

Question 17

A fracture characterized by multiple fracture lines and bone pieces

Answer 17

Comminuted fracture

Question 18

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer curve of the Bend is broken; commonly occurs in children because of minimal calcification and often heals quickly

Answer 18

Greenstick fracture

Question 19

A fracture in which the bone is crushed or collapses into small pieces

Answer 19

Compression fracture

Question 20

Occurs when the bone is broken into two or more separate pieces;

Answer 20

Complete fractures

Question 21

The bone is partially broken

Answer 21

Incomplete fracture

Question 22

The skin is broken

The skin is intact

Answer 22

Open fractures

Closed fractures

Question 23

Occur when one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone

Answer 23

Impacted fractures

Question 24

Result from a weakness in the bone structure secondary to conditions such as bone tumors and osteoporosis

Answer 24

Pathologic fractures

Question 25

Occur from repeated excessive stress

Answer 25

Stress fracture

Question 26

Occur in the skull when the broken piece is forced inward on the brain

Answer 26

Depressed fracture

Question 27

Is a serious condition that results from increased pressure in an internal compartment, usually the muscle fascia in the case of fractures.

Answer 27

Compartment fracture

Question 28

This pressure impinges on the nerves and blood vessels present within the compartment, potentially compromising the distal extremity

Answer 28

Compartment syndrome

Question 29

Refers to an infection of the bone tissue Can result in bone or tissue necrosis

Answer 29

Osteomyelitis

Question 30

Is treated with potent antibiotic therapy and surgery

Answer 30

Osteomyelitis

Question 31

Refers to lateral deviation of the spine Maybe associated with kyphosis and lordosis

Answer 31

Scoliosis

Question 32

Degenerative diseases associated with ______ include osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Answer 32

Scoliosis

Question 33

Refers to an increase in the curvature of the thoracic spine outward, often called hunchback.

Answer 33

Kyphosis

Question 34

Encompasses a group of inherited non inflammatory disorders characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle

Answer 34

Muscular dystrophy MS

Question 35

The commonality across all types is the presence of muscle protein abnormality (dystrophin)

Answer 35

Muscular dystrophy

Question 36

Instead, it usually appears during adolescent growth spurts and can appear as poor posture referred to as schemermanns disease

Answer 36

Kyphosis

Question 37

Stress on the vertebrae causes an imbalance in osteoclast activity, therefore, the curvature increases during growth spurts

Answer 37

Scoliosis

Question 38

Clinical manifestations usually include excruciating pain beyond what would be expected given the injury

Answer 38

Compartment syndrome

Question 39

This type of arthritis usually starts with an initial acute inflammatory episode, after which the joint appear to recover

Answer 39

RA

Question 40

Decreases life expectancy by as much as 7 years, heart disease, infection, and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of mortality

Answer 40

RA

Question 41

Results from an overproduction or underexcecution of uric acid as well as increased purine intake; however

Answer 41

Gout

Question 42

The metatarsalphalangeal joint of the big toe is the presenting joint for 50% of people with

Answer 42

Gout

Question 43

People with gout may also develop _______ large hard nodules composed of uric acid crystals deposited in soft tissues; usually in cooler areas of the body (toes, elbows, distal finger joints)

Answer 43

Tophi