Chapter 7 Urinary Function

Question 1

The kidneys are the primary site for carrying out the urinary systems functions. One kidney contains 1-2 million microscopic filtering units or _________, to accomplish its functions.

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

Is similar to a long funnel and stem

Contain multiple sections (loop of henle, PCT, and DCT) and each of these sections is responsible for excreting or reabsorption specific substances.

Answer 2

Nephrons

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of nephritic syndrome

Answer 3

Oliguria decreased urine output

Question 4

Is a common, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually appearing before 50.

Answer 4

Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH

Question 5

Does not increase prostate cancer risk, but it’s clinical presentation is very similar to that of prostate cancer

Answer 5

BPH

Question 6

Refers to the presence of renal Calculi. Calculi are hard masses of crystals composed of minerals that the kidneys normally excrete.

Answer 6

Nephrolithiasis

Question 7

The most frequently encountered type of calculus contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate

Answer 7

Kidney stones

Question 8

Calculi usually cause symptoms only when they obstruct urine flow. This obstruction can lead to ______ (urine accumulation in the kidney) and secondary infection.

Answer 8

Hydronephrosis

Question 9

Refers to infections in the bladder

Answer 9

Cystitis

Question 10

Include any infections that begin in the urinary tract. The lower urinary tract is the most frequent site of these infections.

Answer 10

UTIs

Question 11

UTIs can be more specifically classified based on location.

Answer 11

Urethritis urethra

Cystitis bladder

Pyelonephritis kidneys

Question 12

Are caused by a direct invasion of the urinary tract by bacteria

Answer 12

UTI

Question 13

Escherichia coli a gram negative aerobic bacterium that is a normal part of the intestinal flora, accounts for 75% to 95% of

Answer 13

UTIs

Question 14

Clinical manifestations of neurogenic bladder

Answer 14

Hydronephrosis

Question 15

Refers to renal conditions typically affecting both kidneys, most of which are characterized by inflammation of the glumeruli

Answer 15

Glomerulonephritis

Question 16

Affecting men more than women, _______ is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States; the inflammatory changes impair the kidneys ability to excrete waste.

Answer 16

Glomerulonephritis

Question 17

Is an abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the clauses of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease

Answer 17

Hydronephrosis

Question 18

Diseases that obstruct urine flow are commonly associated with this condition, BPH, kidney stones, thrombi, tumors, strictures, and stenosis.

Answer 18

Hydronephrosis

Question 19

Clinical manifestations of Wilms tumor, renal cysts, and UTIs

Answer 19

Hematuria

Question 20

Infection of the urinary tract that often ascends from the urinary meatus. It is typically caused by escheria coli and occurs more frequently in females

Answer 20

UTI

Question 21

Two forms of UTIs

Answer 21

Cystitis
Urethritis

Question 22

Infection of the renal parenchyma causes an inflammatory response called

Answer 22

Pyelonephritis

Question 23

Causes for urinary retention

Answer 23

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

UTIs

Question 24

A technique for providing the function of the kidneys by passing the blood through tubes surrounded by solutions that selectively remove waste products and excess minerals

Answer 24

Hemodialysis

Question 25

Patients blood is shunted from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration and then returned to the patients circulation

Answer 25

Hemodialysis

Question 26

In _______, blood is filtered through a machine that acts as an artificial kidney and returned to the body

Answer 26

Hemodialysis

Question 27

Is an inherited disorder characterized by numerous, grape like clusters of lucid filled cysts in both kidneys

Answer 27

Polycystic kidney disease PKD

Question 28

These cysts enlarge the kidneys while compressing and eventually replacing the functional kidney tissue

Answer 28

PKD

Question 29

A bilateral inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that typically follows a streptococcal infection

Answer 29

Glomerulonephritis

Question 30

An infection that has reached one or both kidneys

Answer 30

Pyelonephritis

Question 31

Involuntary loss of urine

Answer 31

Urinary incontinence

Question 32

The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 32

Nephron