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Nutrition > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the B-vitamins that play a role in energy metabolism?

A

niacin, riboflavin, biotin

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2
Q

Vitamins and minerals have kcal?

A

no

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3
Q

Which vitamin does transamination and deamination require?

A

vitamin B6

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4
Q

What is an apoenzyme?

A

inactive enzyme

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5
Q

What is a cofactor/coenzyme?

A

enable specific enzymes to function (vitamins & minerals)

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6
Q

What is a holoenzyme?

A

active enzyme

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7
Q

What is one nutrient involved in decarboxylation reactions?

A

thiamin

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8
Q

What are two nutrients involved in one-carbon unit transfers?

A

folic acid & B12

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9
Q

TPP

A

Thiamin pyrophosphate
B1 coenzyme

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10
Q

FAD

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide
B2 coenzyme

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11
Q

FMN

A

Flavin mononucleotide
B2 coenzyme

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12
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
B3 coenzyme

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13
Q

NADP

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
B3 coenzyme

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14
Q

Pantothenic Acid is part of Coenzyme?

A

A (coA)

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15
Q

PLP

A

pyridoxal phosphate
B6 coenzyme

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16
Q

Thiamin (B1)

A

-can impact CNS
-needed to metabolize CHO and branched chain amino acids

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17
Q

Sources of Thiamin?

A

seeds, legumes, whole and enriched grains

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18
Q

Which animal product is a good source of Thiamin?

A

pork products

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19
Q

What are the 3 BCAAs?

A

valine, leucine, isoleucine

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20
Q

What is beriberi?

A

thiamin deficiency disease that is often associated with diets consisting of mainly milled white rice

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21
Q

Wet beriberi

A

affects: cardiovascular system
symptoms: lack of energy, muscle pain, edema (poor circulation), poor memory

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22
Q

Dry beriberi

A

affects: nervous system
symptoms: degeneration of the nerves, atrophy of muscle, loss of reflexes

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23
Q

Why is WKS connected to alcohol abuse?

A

alcohol can intervene with a digestion/absorption of thiamin

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24
Q

Riboflavin (B2) functions:

A

-energy production
-B vitamin metabolism
-formation of other antioxidants

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25
What are some food sources of riboflavin?
dairy products, liver, plant-based foods
26
Why are milk containers often solid or opaque?
riboflavin breaks down when exposed to light
27
Ariboflavinosis
affects mouth
28
Glossitis
inflamed and sore tongue
29
Angular Cheilitis
red, swollen patches in the corners of your mouth
30
Stomatitis
inflamed and sore mouth
31
Alcoholism and nutrition
increases GI inflammation and consuming less nutrients
32
IBS, IBD, Gluten intolerance and nutrition
increase deficiency probability
33
Niacin (B3) function?
-energy production -breakdown of CHO, PRO, FAT
34
What are some sources of niacin?
meat and enriched grains
35
Niacin can be made from the amino acid?
Tryptophan
36
60mg of dietary Tryptophan yields
1 mg of niacin
37
Bioavailability of niacin low in?
corn
38
What improves bioavailability of niacin?
soaking food in solution of lime water
39
What is the only dietary deficiency disease to ever reach epidemic levels in the U.S.?
Pellagra
40
What are the 4 Ds of Pellagra?
-Diarrhea -Dermatitis (photosensitive) -Dementia -Death
41
Sometime people are given pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid because?
increases HDL-cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels in the blood
42
What is Casal's necklace?
photosensitive area: neck (scaly)
43
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Forms: Acetyl-CoA (links metabolism of all macros) -Lost during processing
44
Biotin (B7)
-produced by good gut bacteria
45
Who can develop a deficiency of biotin?
people who consume raw eggs because avidin binds to biotin
46
Chromium enhances the action of which hormone?
insulin
47
Sources of Chromium?
protein foods, whole grains, vegetables, dark chocolate
48
What is the PLP coenzyme needed for?
protein metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters
49
What is homocysteine?
amino acid that in high levels increases CVD risk
50
What regulates homocysteine levels?
B6, Folate, B12
51
B6 if found in what foods?
protein foods
52
Folate
natural form
53
Folic Acid
synthetic form
54
Functions of Folate
-DNA synthesis and repair -needed to make new cells -homocysteine metabolism
55
Sources of folate?
foliage (green leafy veggies), legumes, fortified products
56
Folate deficiency can lead to?
-birth defects such as spina bifida -megaloblastic anemia
57
Women capable of becoming pregnant are advised to consume how much synthetic folate?
400-600ug
58
Cobalamin/Cyanocobalamin (B12) functions?
-AA & FA metabolism -convert homocysteine into methionine -maintain healthy nerves
59
Vitamin B12 is only naturally found in which kind of foods?
animal origin
60
Vitamin B12 absorption requires?
produced by stomach-> intrinsic factor
61
Symptoms of B12 deficiency?
visual disturbances, memory loss, numbness
62
What can mask a B12 deficiency?
folate supplementation
63
What foods contain iodine?
saltwater seafood, seaweed, iodized salt, and dairy products
64
What does iodine do?
synthesis of thyroid hormones
65
What do thyroid hormones do?
-impact metabolism rate -development of brain and nervous system

Nutrition (12 decks)

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