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Psych 121 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social psychology

A

the study of group process (how we behave in groups, he we feel about one another, etc.)

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2
Q

what are the five areas of social psychology

A

attraction, attitude, peace and conflict, social influence, social cognition

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3
Q

what is attraction

A

what makes us want to do thing

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4
Q

what are attitudes

A

opinions, feelings, and beliefs about a person, concept, or group

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5
Q

why do we study peace and conflict

A

to apply to international relations and clinical therapy

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6
Q

what is a “culture of honour”

A

the degree to which someone is proud of their culture

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7
Q

what is social influence

A

how others shape our behavior

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8
Q

what is persuasion

A

when you deliver a message so that it’ll influence a persons behavior in a desired way

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9
Q

what is social cognition

A

how we think about the social world and how we perceive others

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10
Q

what is social attribtuion

A

when we make educated guesses about the motives of others

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11
Q

what is the fundamental attribution error

A

the consistent way we attribute people actions to personality traits while overlooking situation influences

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12
Q

what are schemas

A

mental models or representations of any of the various things we come across in our daily lives

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13
Q

why are schemas important

A

allow us to simplify environment, store information, and make quick decisions

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14
Q

different types of schemas

A

person schemas, self-schemas, event schemas (or scripts)

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15
Q

what happens when you assimilate a schema

A

add or adjust a schema to fit new infromation

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16
Q

what happens when you accommodate a schema

A

you create an entirely new schema

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17
Q

what is planning fallacy

A

how people tend to underestimate how much time it will take to complete a task

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18
Q

what is affective forecasting

A

predictions of ones future feelings

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19
Q

are we good as predicting future emotions

A

in the sense of positive or negative yes, but not how strong or how long this feeling will last

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20
Q

what is the hot cognition

A

the mental processes that are influenced by desire and feelings

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21
Q

problem with directional goals

A

are not good for looking at things objectively

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22
Q

what is motivated skepticism

A

where we are skeptical of something that goes against what we want to believe despite the strong evidence behind it

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23
Q

what is mood congruent memory

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A

the tendency to recall memories similar in valence to our current mood (neg brings up neg)

24
Q

what is automaticity

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A

behaviors that are automatic through repetition, practice, or repeated association

25
what is the chameleon affect
an innate tendency to unconsciously mimic behaviors of interaction partners
26
how can associations be primed
when they are repeatedly associated
27
problem with explicit measures of attitude
people aren't always aware of their true intentions, people might not want to admit their true attitudes can be unreliable (especially when controversial)
28
what are implicit measures of attitudes
infer the participants attitude rather than being told
29
what can implicit measures of attitudes reveal
sometimes inconsistent with explicitly held attitudes, may reveal biases that people do not self-report
30
what does a implicit association test measure
how quickly the participant pairs a concept with an attribute, the longer the reaction time the less implicit it is (not as strong and may not be theirs)
31
what is the evaluative priming task
the measure of how quickly the participant labels the valence (pos or neg) of the attitude when it appears immediately after a pos or neg image
32
what is confromity
the tendency to act and think like the people around us, to go along with the group
33
what are descriptive norms
when we act in the way most people (or at least people like us) act
34
what is obedience
how people react when given an order from someone in a position of authority (lead to good and bad outcomes)
35
parts of biases against social groups
emotional prejudices, mental/cognitive stereotypes, behavioral discrimination
36
what are old fashioned biases
when people openly put down others that are not a part of their in-group (their own group)
37
what are blatant biases
conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviors that people are willing to admit, mostly expressing hostility to the outgroups (groups other than your own)
38
what are subtle biases
automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent yet still biased, unfair, and disrespectful to the belief of equality (assuming a woman is less competent)
39
what are automatic biases
in-group preference resulting in liking other groups less (sometimes these are pushed by society and trump our own explicit values)
40
what is the social identity theory
the tendency to favor ones own group over another, often exaggerating the differences between them and the other group
41
what is the self-categorization theory
people tend to favor the groups with people like them and disfavor others
42
what are the social identity and self-categorization theory examples of
ambiguous biases
43
what is aversive racism
when people don't like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others
44
what is bystander intervention
the study of why people do not always help
45
what do people base their decision of helping on (3)
- how they define emergencies - when they decide to take responsibility for helping - how the cost and benefits of intervening affect the decision
46
what is diffusion of responsibiltiy
knowing that someone else could help relieves bystanders of personal responsibility so they are less likely to intervene
47
how costs and rewards affect whether someone will help
- is the need is a low cost in terms of money, time, resources, or risk - potential rewards of helping someone - whether the cost outweighs the reward
48
what determines who helps
individual differences like sex/gender, personality traits, characteristics of the prosocial personality
49
is a man or women more likely to help
general likeliness is the same but how they help is different men- physical and impulsive action women- supportive and nurturing actions
50
why do men and women help differently
cost-benefit analysis (easier for men to help physically than women) and their socialization (raised to fill different social roles)
51
what personality trait(s) make a person more likely to help
agreeableness, sympathetic, generous, forgiving, helpful, etc.
52
3 reason why we may or may not help people
evolutionary forces, egoistic concerns, selfless/altruistic motivations
53
evolutionary reasons for why we might help
kin selection: more likely to help those we know reciprocal altruism: if we help we might get something out of it that increases our own chances of survival
54
egoistic reasons why we might help
negative state relief model, and the arousal: cost-reward model
55
what is the negative state relief model
when people help in order to make themselves feel better
56
what is the arousal: cost reward model
when we see suffering we experience sympathetic arousal that is unpleasant and so in helping them it eliminates this feeling (main motivation), can be indirect involvement aswell
57
what is the empathy-altruism model
when people are motivated to help expecting no rewards, motivated by empathy, and can be a self-sacrificial approach

Psych 121 (11 decks)

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