Chapter 18

Question 1

what is a psychological assessment and why is it helpful

Answer 1

An evaluation of the patients psychological and mental health including personality or projective tests and an interview
Used to make a formal diagnosis using the DSM

Question 2

what is psychotherapy and it’s goal

Answer 2

Uses techniques that encourage communication of conflicts and insight
The goal is for the patient to talk about their personal concerns and anxieties

Question 3

what is psychodynamic therapy want

Answer 3

Allow the therapist to understand the underlying unconscious problems

Question 4

3 techniques of psychodynamic therapy

Answer 4

free association, dream analysis, and interpretation

Question 5

what is free association

Answer 5

Therapist listens while the client talks about whatever comes to mind

Question 6

what is dream analysis

Answer 6

Analyze the symbolism of the patients dreams to interpret unconscious thoughts

Question 7

what is interpretation

Answer 7

Therapist uses the patient’s expressed thoughts to try to understand the underlying unconscious problems

Question 8

what is the main goal of psychodynamic psychology

Answer 8

help patient develop insight into themselves/their disorders

Question 9

what is transference in therapy

Answer 9

When the patient unconsciously redirects feelings experienced in an important personal relationship towards the therapist (love for example)

Question 10

what are humanistic therapies based on

Answer 10

Based on the personality theories and the idea that people develop psychological problems when they are burdened by limits and expectations placed on them and Emphasizes the persons capacity for self-realization and fulfillment

Question 11

what is person centered therapy in humanistic psychology

Answer 11

Client is helped to grow and develop as the therapist provides a comfortable nonjudgmental environment

Question 12

what is the therapeutic alliance

Answer 12

the Relationship between the client and therapist when the therapist is, Genuine, Treats them with unconditional positive regard (might not agree with what they do but shows support), Develops empathy with client

Question 13

what is cognitive behavioral therapy and what is it based on

Answer 13

Attempts to reduce psychological disorders through systematic procedures based on cognitive and behavioral principles
Based on relationship between our thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Question 14

what is the goal of CBT

Answer 14

The goal is to stop the negative cycle by intervening to change cognitions of behaviors
Problem-solving and action orientated

Question 15

what is behavior therapy

Answer 15

Based on principle of learning
Using conditioning, rewards and punishment, reinforcement and observational learning

Question 16

what is exposure therapy

Answer 16

Uses CBT to reduce negative affective responses to the stimulus
A behavioural therapy based on the classical conditioning principle of extinction

Question 17

what are techniques of exposure therapy

Answer 17

flooding and systematic desensitization

Question 18

what is flooding

Answer 18

Client exposed to the source of his fear all at once
Client habituates

Question 19

what is systematic desensitization

Answer 19

Combines imagining or experiencing the feared object or situation with relaxation exercises
Create a hierarchy of fears and work up to the biggest one

Question 20

true or false: flooding is the most effective form of exposure therapy

Answer 20

false, it is systematic desensitization

Question 21

what is counterconditioning in exposure therapy

Answer 21

when a second incompatible response is conditioned to an already conditioned response

Question 22

what is aversion therapy

Answer 22

when a Positive punishment is used to reduce undesirable behavior
(Unpleasant stimulus paired with a harmful or socially unacceptable behavior)

Question 23

what is cognitive therapy

Answer 23

Helps clients identify incorrect or distorted beliefs that are contributing to the disorder
Based on the idea that changing thoughts will change emotions and the new emotions influence behavior

Question 24

what is eclectic therapy

Answer 24

An approach to treatment in which the therapist uses whichever technique seems most useful and relevant for each patient

Question 25

what are biomedical therapies

Answer 25

Reduce psychological disorders by influencing the central nervous system

Question 26

what is necessary for ones mental health and how does medication help

Answer 26

Appropriate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain Medication influences the production and reuptake of neurotransmitters

Question 27

what are stimulants commonly used to treat

Answer 27

ADHD using psychostimulants and CBT

Question 28

what do antidepressant medications do

Answer 28

designed to improve moods by Influencing the production and reuptake of neurotransmitters related to emotion (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine)

Question 29

what do antianxiety medication do and what are they called

Answer 29

Increase the action of GABA Inhibits fight or flight creating a calming experience benzodiazepines

Question 30

downside of benzodiazepines

Answer 30

have major side affects, addictive, and dangerous when mixed with alcohol

Question 31

what do antipsychotic medications treat and how

Answer 31

Treat symptoms of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (positive or all symptoms) Treat positive symptoms by reducing dopamine and improve negative symptoms by influencing levels of serotonin

Question 32

what is TMS and how does it work

Answer 32

transcranial magnetic stimulation works to Activates neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex which is less active in those with depression

Question 33

what is psychosurgery

Answer 33

Removes or destroys brain tissue in the hope of improving a disorder

Question 34

when is psychosurgery used

Answer 34

Only used in the most severe cases and when everything else ahs been tried and in a more limited nature (cingulotomy)

Question 35

what is group therapy

Answer 35

Psychotherapy in which clients receive psychological treatment together with others

Question 36

why is group therapy good

Answer 36

Provides a safe place where people can come together and share problems or concerns to better understand their own situations and to learn from each other (environment of like individuals with similar goals) Found to be more effective than individual therapy

Question 37

what is couples therapy

Answer 37

Two people who live together, married, or dating meet with a practitioner to discuss their concerns and issues about their relationship

Question 38

what is family therapy

Answer 38

involves families meeting together with a therapist Based on the assumption that the problem is the result of an interaction among the people in the family

Question 39

what is a self-help group

Answer 39

A voluntary association of people who share a common desire to overcome psychological disorder or improve their well being

Question 40

what is are community mental health services and it's goals

Answer 40

Psychological treatments and interventions that are distributed at the community level Goal is to establish programs that will help people get the mental services needed (prevention)

Question 41

what are levels of community mental health services

Answer 41

primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention

Question 42

what is primary prevention

Answer 42

All members of the community receive the treatment

Question 43

what is secondary prevention

Answer 43

Focuses on people with risk factors that make it more likely an individual will develop a disorder

Question 44

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 44

Treatment that focuses on people who are already diagnosed with a disorder