Chapter 17

Question 1

what is abnormal psychology

Answer 1

The application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders

Question 2

what is a disorder

Answer 2

Ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and that is considered deviant in that persons culture or society, Are out of the patients control, May be treated by drugs
Have both biological and environmental influences

Question 3

what is the bio-psycho-social model

Answer 3

Assumes disorders are caused by biological, psychological, and social factors

Question 4

how are things determined to be a disorder

Answer 4

when they are unusual and the extent that they cause distress and dysfunction (maladaptive)

Question 5

what is comorbidity

Answer 5

When people suffering form one disorder suffer from other disorders at the same time (because of the base disorder)

Question 6

what is a stigma and why is it bad

Answer 6

A disgrace or defect one ahs that is associated with a devalued group
Slows down recovery
Reduces likelihood of seeking treatment, reduces self-esteem, increases isolation and hopelessness

Question 7

what is the DSM an abbreviation for

Answer 7

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Question 8

what does the DSM provide

Answer 8

a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders
Categorizes symptoms but become very vague and multiple symptoms are often found across multiple disorders

Question 9

what is anxiety

Answer 9

Nervousness or agitation that we experience

Question 10

what is GAD

Answer 10

Generalized anxiety disorder caused by excessively worrying about everyday things (money, family, etc.)

Question 11

what are panic disorders

Answer 11

Characterized by sudden attacks of anxiety and terror that led to significant behavioral changes in the persons life leading to shortness of breath, heart palpitations, trembling, dizziness, choking sensations, nausea, and an intense feeling of impending doom

Question 12

how long can panic attacks last

Answer 12

Can last from 1-20 min but often peak and subside within 10 but individuals are often anxious out of fear of another anxiety attack

Question 13

what is a phobia

Answer 13

A specific fear of a certain object, situation, or activity

Question 14

what is social phobia

Answer 14

Extreme shyness around people or discomfort in social situations
Often convinced that everyone around them notices the symptoms they are experiencing

Question 15

what is agoraphobia

Answer 15

Anxiety about being in places or situation form which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or which help might not be available
Often have difficulty leaving their home and interacting with other people

Question 16

what is OCD

Answer 16

Obsessive-compulsive disorders
When a person experiences distressing or frightening thoughts and engages in obsessions (repetitive thoughts) or compulsions (repetitive behaviors) to calm these thoughts

Question 17

what is PTSD and when does it occur

Answer 17

Result after adverse events including combat, assault, and natural disasters
Experience high anxiety along with reexperiencing the trauma (flashbacks) and a strong desire to avoid any reminders of the event

Question 18

what are dissociative disorders

Answer 18

People overwhelmed by stress can experience an altered stare of consciousness and become detached form reality
Involves disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness and identity

Question 19

how can one obtain a dissociative disorder

Answer 19

seems to be entirely environmentally determined

Question 20

what is dissociative amnesia

Answer 20

Psychological disorder that involves extensive but selective memory loss for which there is no physiological explanation

Question 21

what is dissociative fugue

Answer 21

Disorder in which an individual loses complete memory of his or her identity and may even assume a new one

Question 22

what are dissociative identity disorders

Answer 22

Two or more distinct and individual personalities exist in the same person

Question 23

what is a host personality

Answer 23

in a dissociative identity disorder it is the personality that largely controls the body

Question 24

what are mood affective disorders

Answer 24

Disorders in which the persons mood negatively influences his or her physical, perceptual, social, and cognitive processes
Tend to experience more intense moods

Question 25

what is major depressive disorder otherwise known as

Answer 25

clinical depression

Question 26

what is clinical depression characterized by

Answer 26

Characterized by low mood, self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities

Question 27

what is bipolar disorder

Answer 27

Characterized by mood swings from overly high to sad and hopeless with periods of near-normal in between (Normal in reference to the individual)

Question 28

what does bipolar disorder have comorbidity with

Answer 28

depression and anxiety

Question 29

what are our moods influenced by

Answer 29

Psychological and social determinants play a role Often creates a cycle by our cognitions (negative thoughts create negative emotions which create negative behaviors which make way to negative responses in an endless cycle)

Question 30

what is schizophrenia

Answer 30

Disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, loss of contact with reality, inappropriate affect (how we show our emotions), disorganized speech, social withdrawal, social withdrawal, deterioration of adaptive behaviour

Question 31

different categories of symptoms of shcizophrenia

Answer 31

positive, negative, and congitive

Question 32

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 32

Hallucinations Imaginary sensations that occur in the absence of a real stimulus or which are gross distortions of a real stimulus), Delusions (False beliefs not commonly shared by others within ones culture and maintained even though they are out of touch with reality), Disorganized behavior, Movement disorders

Question 33

negative symptoms of shcizophrenia

Answer 33

Social withdrawal Flat affect Apathy Limited speech Poor hygiene and grooming

Question 34

cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 34

Poor executive control Trouble focusing Working memory problems Poor problem-solving abilities

Question 35

what can cause schizophrenia

Answer 35

biological and environmental factors but also changes in the brain

Question 36

what changes in the brain are symptoms/causes of schizophrenia

Answer 36

The cerebral ventricles are enlarged Overall lose of neurons in the cerebral cortex Less activity in the frontal and temporal lobes (These line up with the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia)

Question 37

what are personality disorders

Answer 37

Characterized by inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause problems in personal, social and work situations

Question 38

three categories of personality disorders

Answer 38

Odd or eccentric behavior Dramatic or erratic behavior Anxious or inhibited behavior

Question 39

what is common in all categories of personality disorders

Answer 39

persons inability to understand and be sensitive to the motives and needs of others

Question 40

true or false: personality disorders are often seen alone

Answer 40

false, they have high comorbidity

Question 41

what is BPD and its symptoms

Answer 41

Borderline personality disorder Personality disturbance along with mood swings, unstable personal relationships, identity problems, threats of self-destructive behavior, fears of abandonment, and impulsivity

Question 42

possible causes behind BPD

Answer 42

Environmental and biological roots

Question 43

what is APD and it's symptoms

Answer 43

Antisocial personality disorder Disregard of the rights of others, tendency to violate those rights without being concerned about doing so

Question 44

what are possible causes behind APD

Answer 44

Genetic predisposition and biological abnormalities Environmental risks like neglectful and abusive parenting styles