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Physiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

synapses carry out what?

A

signals from cell to cell

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2
Q

Synaptic potentials can be ?

A

excitatory or inhibitory

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3
Q

changes in ion permeability are what?

A

central to chemical synapse function

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4
Q

what are released in quanta and from where do they come from?

A

neurotransmitter; from presynaptic neurons into the synapses

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5
Q

what are the two modes of action?

A

ionotropic, metabotropic

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6
Q

what is ionotropic action?

A

fast, ligand-gated channel

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7
Q

metabotropic action mode is?

A

slower, g-protein coupled receptor

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8
Q

what is a mechanism of learning?

A

synaptic plasticity

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9
Q

Electrical synapses are relatively _____ action and are almost always____?

A

simple ; excitatory

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10
Q

what kind of synapse currents spreads between cells according to t and L?

A

electrical

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11
Q

Electrical synapses cytoplasmic connects between cells by what ? and are made up of what channel?

A

Gap junction, connexon

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12
Q

synapse that has no delay in spread of current also known as what?

A

electrical; short-latency synaptic relays

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13
Q

T/F: in electrical synapse AP in one cell triggers AP in coupled cell?

A

True

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14
Q

T/F: in electrical synapse there is amplification or conditioning of signals?

A

False, No amp/cond

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15
Q

electrical synapses current can flow what way?

A

bidirectional; flow both ways

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16
Q

are electrical synapse present where speed/synchronization are paramount?

A

yes

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17
Q

are electrical synapse absent in circuits that control rapid behaviors, such as escape or defensive behavior(electric organ)?

A

no, they are present.

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18
Q

Gap junctions are formed by? and what is its purpose?

A

connexon, to form channels for ion movement

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19
Q

gap junctions are present where?

A

heart muscle

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20
Q

the connexon of ___ membrane associate to form?

A

two; complete channel

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21
Q

are chemical synapses simple or complex action?

A

complex

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22
Q

In chemical synapses, presynaptic cells release neurotransmitters from ___ into the ____ , about ___ nm gap between cells?

A

synaptic vessicles, synaptic cleft, 30

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23
Q

are chemical synapses slower than electrical ? if so how long delay?

A

yes , 0.3-3 ms

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24
Q

in chemical synapses neurotransmitter diffuse to ____ to bind to ____ or ___?

A

postsynaptic cell, ligand-channel ion channel or g-protein-coupled receptor

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25
In chemical synapses ion channels open in post-synaptic cells alternating membrane potential, either _____ it or ____ it?
depolarizing, hyperpolarizing
26
T/F: chemical synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory.
T
27
Unlike electrical synapses, chemical synapses can what do what to current flow?
amplify
28
chemical synapses flows in what direction?
undirectional, presynaptic to postsynaptic
29
T/F: chemical synapses can modify their properties based on recent history
T
30
what is synaptic potential?
graded change in the postsynaptic cell in response to neurotransmitter binding, lasting 10-20ms
31
a synaptic potential that depolarizes the membrane is ____causing an ____ of the possibility of ____to occur?
excitatory;increase;action potential
32
a synaptic potential that hyperpolarizes the membrane is ____causing an ____ of the possibility of ____to occur?
inhibitory;decrease;action potential
33
T/F: Synaptic potential can be inhibitory or excitatory?
T
34
What is temporal summation?
a nerve is stimulated repeatealy and rapidly , esps combine.
35
what is spatial summation?
stimutaniously occurs esps produced by different nerves combines (stimulus A+B)
36
T/F: postsynaptic potential are all or none action?
F; graded
37
summation is the basis for?
neuronal intergration
38
what is neuronal intergration?
weights the input from thousand of presynaptic neurons in relation to their distance from the axon hilllocks.
39
site of impulse generation?
axon hilllock
40
T/F: postsynaptic AP occurs within a few ms from presynaptic AP?
T
41
In chemical synapses, depolarizing presynaptic membrane opens what channel?
Ca2+
42
what triggers synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release?
Ca2+ influx
43
acetylcholine binds to what receptor in postsynaptic membrane and triggers esps?
Ach
44
receptor is a channel for?
K+ ; Na+
45
opening channels moves vm towards___, which is close to 0mv?
reversal potential
46
T/F: neurotransmitter are broken down or taken up by presynaptic terminal.
T
47
at the neuromusclar junction, the synapse is a ___ response, meaning a presynaptic AP always triggers an EPSP and postsynaptic AP.
relay
48
CNS has _____ synpases, resulting in ____ from ____ premeability to ___.
intergrated, IPSP, increase Cl-
49
Ach receptor is a _____channel for both ___ and ___ ions, also allows ___ to pass through.
single ligand gated channel, Na+/K+, Cl-
50
neurotransmitters are released in ____ from ____ neuron.
quanta; presynaptic
51
quanta are packets of about ____ neurotransmitter molecules
5000
52
each quatum is equavilent to content of one _____.
synaptic vesicle
53
each quatum produces a minature ____ of the same amplitude.
EPSP
54
all neurotransmitters are released is triggered by what? and through what channel ?
ca2+ influx; voltage-gated ca2+ channel
55
T/F: At the neuromusclar junction, 150-300 synaptic vesicles are released to produce a EPSP.
T
56
What prevents AP?
Bath
57
The two types of neurotransmitters?
small molecule NT; neuroactive peptide/aminoacid
58
Small molecules NT ex?
acetylcholine,nonrepinephrine, dopamine,seratonin
59
neuroactive peptides and amino acids ex?
gaba,glutamate,glycine
60
can a neuron release more than one NT?
yes
61
can a synpase release more than one type of NT?
no, only one single type
62
NT is synthesized in ___ and transported to ___ terminal
soma, synaptic
63
are NT conserved in evolution?
yes
64
T/F: multiple receptors w/ different function may bind a single type of NT.
y
65
Ach is ___ in skeletal muscle and ___ in heart.
excitatory , inhibitory

Physiology (15 decks)

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