Chapter 16

Question 1

The cortex of the adrenal gland secretes primarily

Answer 1

steroid hormones.

Question 2

hormones is directly controlled by a hypothalamic releasing hormone?

Answer 2

ACTH

Question 3

Steroid hormones are synthesized from

Answer 3

cholesterol on demand and are released into the blood via diffusion.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is not directly involved in regulating the extracellular concentration of calcium in mammals?

a. Parathyroid stimulating hormone
b. Parathyroid hormone
c. Active vitamin D
d. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
e. Calcitonin

Answer 4

A

Question 5

Which of the following insect hormones is not directly involved in ecdysis?

a. Juvenile hormone
b. Ecdysone
c. Pre-ecdysis triggering hormone
d. Ecdysis triggering hormone
e. Bursicon

Answer 5

e

Question 6

Which of the following is not a result of sympathetic activation?

a. Increased heart rate
b. Release of glucocorticoids
c. Decreased digestion
d. Vasoconstriction
e. Release of epinephrine

Answer 6

B

Question 7

will stimulate mobilization of glucagon?

Answer 7

not eating

Question 8

A neuron that releases the contents of its vesicles into the bloodstream rather than a synapse is called a

Answer 8

neurosecretory cell

Question 9

describes the mechanism of ADH?

Answer 9

Aquaporins are added to membrane of the collecting duct so that more water can be reabsorbed.

Question 10

hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 11

Glucagon and epinephrine together amplify each other’s effectiveness in opposing the actions of insulin. This amplification is an example of

Answer 11

synergism.

Question 12

The specialized vascular system in the anterior pituitary, which transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, is called the _______ portal system.

Answer 12

hypothalamo–hypophysial

Question 13

chemical signals released into the environment to convey information to other animals of the same species?

Answer 13

Pheromones and synomones

Question 14

Peptide hormones are synthesized by

Answer 14

transcription of DNA, translation, and posttranslational processing.

Question 15

Which of the following will not occur during a stress response?

a. Increased heart rate
b. An increase in insulin
c. Release of glucocorticoids
d. Mobilization of glucose
e. Increased ventilation

Answer 15

b

Question 16

hormones acts to reduce plasma volume?

Answer 16

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 17

Aldosterone _______ reabsorption of _______ so that more water is _______

Answer 17

increases; Na+; reabsorbed

Question 18

directly controls insect metamorphosis?

Answer 18

Prothoracicotropic hormone, ecdysone, and juvenile hormone

Question 19

Which of the following is not a tropic hormone?

a. Growth hormone
b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
e. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Answer 19

A

Question 20

what passes through cell membranes and cause a delayed effect via alteration of gene expression and attach to cell surface receptors and exert rapid non-genomic effects.

Answer 20

steroid hormones

Question 21

endocrine/neuroendocrine works at a ___, ____ control system

Answer 21

slow, broadcast

Question 22

ES: main chemical agents are ____, which secrete into the ____ by secretary cells, that may be organized into discrete ____ _____.

Answer 22

hormones, bloodstream, endocrine gland

Question 23

ES: hormones bind to what? and respond based on what?

Answer 23

target cells, and respond based on the presences and concentration of receptor molecules specific to that hormone.

Question 24

ES: target cells alter their what in response to what?

Answer 24

metabolism in response to binding the hormone and may release their own hormones

Question 25

ES: hormone concentration in the blood determines what? and controlled by both?

Answer 25

magnitude of the effect and are controlled by both the rate of secretion and rate of removal/degradation.

Question 26

what is a hormone?

Answer 26

metabolically produced chemical that exerts regulatory influences on the function of distant cells

Question 27

T/F: hormone effective at very low concentration?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

hormones secreted into the ?

Answer 28

blood or extracellular fluid

Question 29

3 types of chemical hormones?

Answer 29

steroid, peptide/protein , amine

Question 30

synthesized from cholestrol, lipid soluble?

Answer 30

steroid hormone

Question 31

a few to several hundreds amino acids, water soluble?

Answer 31

peptide/ protein hormone

Question 32

modified amino acids, soluble in water or lipids?

Answer 32

amine hormone

Question 33

hormones bind to ___ in target cells, so despite being broadcast they have specific actions

Answer 33

receptors

Question 34

Steroid Hormones Type 1 is what? and whats the carrier bound?

Answer 34

not stored but synthesized on demand and secreted by diffusion. carrier bound : LDL and HDL

Question 35

Peptide/protein hormone type 2 is stored in what ?

Answer 35

stored in vesicles and secreted on demand.

Question 36

Type 3: Amine Hormone is stored in what?

Answer 36

stored in vesicles and secreted on demand

Question 37

Some hormones are _____ activated (e.g. T4 to T3)

Answer 37

peripherally

Question 38

Effects of hormones: T/F: Any and all metabolic changes in target cells, including upregulation and downregulation of enzymes, and transcription of DNA.

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Hormones may bind to what types of receptors?

Answer 39

g protein-coupled receptors, intracellular receptors, or enzyme-linked membrane receptors

Question 40

Effects of hormones: may active second messenger via

Answer 40

G proteins

Question 41

Steroid hormones act as _____ factors, once bound to _____ receptor

Answer 41

transcription, intracellular

Question 42

Tropins influence what? (thyrotropin)

Answer 42

the activity of other endocrine glands.

Question 43

T/F: Many cells may have receptors, therefore there can be whole organism effects. E.g. insulin affects most cells in the body

Answer 43

T

Question 44

Hormones are synthesized, stored and released by what and which are made up of what?

Answer 44

endocrine glands, secretory cells

Question 45

another name of endocrine glands

Answer 45

ductless gland

Question 46

glands can be discrete like what, or diffuse like what?

Answer 46

like the testis or pituitary, and diffuse like the adrenal gland of amphibian or the gastrin secreting G cells of the stomach lining.

Question 47

secretory cells can be either ???

Answer 47

epithelial or neurosecretory

Question 48

T/F: epithelial secretory cells secrete hormones in response to other hormones but can also respond to neural input.

Answer 48

t

Question 49

T/F: neurosecretory cells are triggered to secrete neurohormones by synaptic input from neurons.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

“Glands” come in two types?

Answer 50

exocrine and endocrine

Question 51

Insulin stored in?

Answer 51

vesicles

Question 52

Prolactin comes from the __________ and its function in mammals is to __________.

Answer 52

anterior pitutitary...promote milk production

Question 53

T/F: Synergism is the mechanism in which one hormone is required to be present in order for another to function.

Answer 53

F , Permissiveness