chapter 13

Question 1

a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation of the airways and bronchoconstriction, which improves either spontaneously or with treatment

Answer 1

asthma

Question 2

mediated through b2 receptors, located on bronchioles

Answer 2

bronchospasm

Question 3

may be rapidly relieved by inhaled brochodilators; occurs within minutes, while inflammation(mucous secretion) is slower in onset, taking hours

Answer 3

bronchospasm

Question 4

acute exposure, whether allergy or exercise, causes acute bronchospasm

Answer 4

early asthmatic response

Question 5

airway inflammation comes on more slowly

Answer 5

late asthmatic response

Question 6

signs or symptoms bronchospasm

Answer 6

wheezing
prolonged or troublesome cough

difficulty breathing
breathlessness(dyspnea)
chest tightness

Question 7

taken daily on a long-term basis to achieve and maintain control of persistant asthma; anti-inflammatory effects

Answer 7

long term control medications(long term preventive controller, or maintenance medications

Question 8

quick reversal of acute airflow obstruction and relief of bronchospasm

Answer 8

quick relief meds

Question 9

suppress cough

Answer 9

antitussives

Question 10

inhibit histamine release

Answer 10

mast cell stabilizers

Question 11

suppress inflammation

Answer 11

glucocorticoids

Question 12

produce thinner mucous

Answer 12

expectorants

Question 13

loosen mucous

Answer 13

mucolytics

Question 14

dilate bronchi

Answer 14

beta adrenergic agonists and anticholinergics

Question 15

provide the quickest onset(5 to 15 mins) and relief of symptoms by bronchodilation

Answer 15

b2 agonists

Question 16

prototype for short acting b2 receptor selective agonist is

Answer 16

albuterol

Question 17

quick relief meds for bronchospasms

Answer 17

short acting b2 receptor selective agonists
anticholinergics
systemic corticosteroids

Question 18

prototype for anticholinergic

Answer 18

atrovent(smooth muscle); ipratropium bromide HFA

Question 19

regulation of airway smooth muscle tone

Answer 19

anticholinergic

Question 20

most potent and effective antiinflammatory agents; should be first-line therapy for long-term management of mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma

Answer 20

corticosteroids

Question 21

what do corticosteroids end in

Answer 21

sone and ide

Question 22

adverse effects of corticosteroids(inhaled)

Answer 22

cough, oral candidiasis, and with high doses, growth suppression

Question 23

drug of choice for persistent asthma

Answer 23

inhaled corticosteroids

Question 24

alternative treatments and have a more limited role in treatment of asthma

Answer 24

cromolyn sodium(intal) and leukotriene modifiers(montelukast)

Question 25

what do methylxanthines end in

Answer 25

phylline

Question 26

act as bronchodilators, causing the airway smooth muscle to relax; long duration up to 12 hours; these drugs should be used with a low or medium dosage of an inhaled corticosteroid to improve asthma control and should not be used alone

Answer 26

long acting b2 selective agonists

Question 27

may be alternative first line treatment for mild persistent asthma and may serve as adjuncts to inhaled corticosteroids for more severe disease

Answer 27

leukotriene modifiers

Question 28

most prescribed leukotriene bc of its once a day dosing and approval for young children

Answer 28

montelukast(singulair)

Question 29

adverse side effect is overstimulation of the beta agonist receptors, which makes the short acting beta-agonists less effective

Answer 29

long acting beta agonists

Question 30

adverse side effects

Answer 30

xerostomia, tachycardia, headache tremor and nausea

Question 31

assess salivary flow; asses need for fluoride rinse

Answer 31

salmeterol serevent

Question 32

bronchodilators that relax the airway smooth muscle to control asthmatic symptoms; no longer recommended for acute exacerbations or as a drug of choice for asthma

Answer 32

methylxanthines

Question 33

theophyllin and aminophylline

Answer 33

methylxanthines

Question 34

ends in sodium

Answer 34

mast cell stabilizers

Question 35

anti inflammatory actions that inhibit the release of histamine and other mediators of allergic reactions that lead to airway inflammation

Answer 35

mast cell stabilizers

Question 36

cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium; inhalation and may be alternative treatment in mild persistant asthma

Answer 36

mast cell stabilizers

Question 37

used when asthma cannot be controlled by bronchodilators alone

Answer 37

systemic corticosteroids

Question 38

suppress inflammation

Answer 38

corticosteroids

Question 39

nasocort and flonase

Answer 39

corticosteroids

Question 40

monitor for oral candidiasis and salivary flow; avoid asprin

Answer 40

systemic corticosteroids

Question 41

COPD

Answer 41

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 42

all these diseases only manage symptoms, no cure

Answer 42

copd, asthma, etc

Question 43

inflammation of the nasal mucosa (mucous membranes in the nasal cavities) is most frequently caused by allergic reactions to allergens: allergic and seasonal

Answer 43

rhinitis

Question 44

clinical features of rhinitis

Answer 44

``` nasal congestion rhinorrhea(runny nose) itching sneezing mucus production vasodilation and airway narrowing ```

Question 45

drug classes for treating rhinitis

Answer 45

antihistamines alpha adrenergic agonists topical corticosteroids mast cell stabilizers

Question 46

are antibiotics useful for treating colds?

Answer 46

no

Question 47

drugs that block the histamine h1 receptors and thus eliminate the symptoms(sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea) associated with rhinitis but are ineffective in treating the common cold

Answer 47

antihistamines

Question 48

treat allergic reactions(allergic rhinitis) and motion sickness;

Answer 48

h1 receptor blockers

Question 49

first gen h1 receptor blockers prototype

Answer 49

diphenydramine(benadryl)

Question 50

has anticholinergic side effects such as xerostomia, sedation, urine retention

Answer 50

h1 receptor blockers first gen

Question 51

nonsedating antihistamines such as allegra, claritin, zyrtec

Answer 51

h1 receptor blockers second generation

Question 52

second gen h1 receptor blockers end in

Answer 52

ine

Question 53

constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa-reduce blood supply to the nose and decrease edema; afrin and neosynephrine; prolonged use causes rebound congestion

Answer 53

nasal decongestants(alpha adrenoceptor agonists)

Question 54

should not be used or used with caution in patients with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, or urinary obstruction or if taking a beta blocker drug or maoi for depression

Answer 54

nasal decongestants(alpha adrenoceptor agonists)

Question 55

reduce the inflammation of the nasal mucosa; effective drugs for relieving symptoms of sneezing, itching, congestion, and rhinorrhea(runny nose); administered as nasal sprays

Answer 55

topical (intranasal) corticosteroids

Question 56

what do topical corticosteroids end in

Answer 56

ide or one such as fluticasone, flunisolide

Question 57

used to suppress cough; opioids, including codeine, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, and dextromethorphan; benzonatate is a nonnarcotic; respiratory depression

Answer 57

antitussive

Question 58

whats a big side effect of antihistamines

Answer 58

dry mouth

Question 59

what may be contraindicated in asthmatics, especially if they have nasal polyps

Answer 59

aspirin