chapter 8

Question 1

what hsv primarily causes oropharyngeal disease(including intraoral and eye)

Answer 1

hsv1

Question 2

which hsv causes genital disease, which is considered a sexually transmitted disease

Answer 2

hsv2

Question 3

when does primary herpes infection (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis) occur

Answer 3

infants/children

Question 4

symptoms of primary herpes

Answer 4

fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting; painful intraoral vesicles on oral mucosa– form ulcers with red haloes; gen gingivitis

Question 5

treatment of primary herpes infection

Answer 5

fluids and analgesics(tylenol)– don’t give aspirin to people under 16 could cause reyes

Question 6

what is recurrent herpes simplex virus infection

Answer 6

hsv1 occurs adults who preveiously had primary herpes(fever blisters)

Question 7

when will herpes lesions resolve itself

Answer 7

10-14 days

Question 8

should antibiotics of corticosteriods be used to treat recurrent herpes infection

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what do antiherpetic drugs end in

Answer 9

-ci/yclovir

Question 10

what is used to treat herpes labialis

Answer 10

otc analgesic medications– dont actually stop virus

Question 11

action of antiviral agents

Answer 11

incorporates into the viral DNA within host – premature dna termination – prevents virus from reproducing

Question 12

use of antiviral agents

Answer 12

treatment initial and recurrent viral infections(hsv1) or herpes labialis

Question 13

dosage of antiviral agents

Answer 13

tablets 200mg every 4 hours for 10 days initially

topical 1/2 inch ribbon to area every 3 hours

Question 14

example of antiviral agent

Answer 14

acyclovir

Question 15

virus attacks the body’s immune system, resulting in many life-threatening infections and cancers

Answer 15

hiv aids

Question 16

once one has developed aids, the immune system is weakened enough to allow for unusual or prolonged infections

Answer 16

hiv/aids

Question 17

these drugs chemically are nucleosides and work by inhibiting the viral enzyme reverse ranscriptase

Answer 17

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 18

this class inhibits the catalytic reaction of reverse transcriptase that is independent of nucleotide binding

Answer 18

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 19

these drugs suppress viral replication by inhibiting protease, the enzyme responsible for cleaving viral precursor peptides into infective virions

Answer 19

protease inhibitors

Question 20

this class interferes with the entry of HIV-1 into hosts(lymphocytes) by inhibiting fusion of the virus and cell membranes

Answer 20

fusion inhibitors

Question 21

antiretroviral drugs used for treatment of HIV/AIDS end in what

Answer 21

VIR

Question 22

PROTEASE INHIBITORS CAN CAUSE

Answer 22

dental pain and taste changes

Question 23

HAART

Answer 23

high active antiretroviral therapy

Question 24

using three drug combinations for initial therapy is termed what

Answer 24

HAART

Question 25

what are two common oral lesions/conditions associated with hiv infections

Answer 25

candidiasis and angular chelitis

Question 26

what drugs are used to treat fungal infections

Answer 26

azoles and nystatin

Question 27

what are some common viral infections associated with hiv

Answer 27

``` herpes simplex lesions hairy leukoplakia(epstein barr virus infection) ```

Question 28

what are some bacterial infections associated with hiv

Answer 28

linear gingival erythema nug necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Question 29

other oral conditions with hiv

Answer 29

minor apthous ulcers(canker sores) oral pain: acute due to oral lesions chronic neurological pain xerostomia

Question 30

what is lidex used for

Answer 30

to treat ulcers for hiv patients

Question 31

normal flora in gastro and vaginal tracts

Answer 31

candida

Question 32

causes a localized superficial infection that is kept in check by the body; however, in certain circumstances such as immunocompromised hosts, the infection spreads

Answer 32

candida

Question 33

three groups of fungal infections

Answer 33

systemic mycosis superficial or mucotaneous mycoses subcutaneous mycoses

Question 34

what causes mucocutaneous mycoses of the mouth

Answer 34

candida albicans

Question 35

what can candida albican cause

Answer 35

thrush(acute pseudomembranous candidiasis) chronic atrophic candidiasis(denture sore mouth) candidal esophagitis

Question 36

oral mucous membranes present with a creamy, white plaque that easily wipes off with gauze, leaving a raw, red, bleeding connective tissue surface

Answer 36

thrush

Question 37

nystatin also called

Answer 37

mycostatin troches suspension

Question 38

topical or oral suspension indicated for treatment of susceptible cutaneous, mucocutaneous oral cavity fungal infections normally caused by the candida species

Answer 38

indications for nystatin

Question 39

mechanism of action of nysatin

Answer 39

binds to phospholipids in fungal cell mem, altering cell wall permeability, resulting in loss of essential intracellular nutrients

Question 40

clotrimazole also called

Answer 40

mycelex troches

Question 41

topical cream for treatment of susceptible fungal infections including oropharyngeal candidiasis. to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients(chemo/radiation)

Answer 41

clotrimazole

Question 42

mechanism of action of clotrimazole

Answer 42

binds to phospholipids in fungal cell mem, altering cell wall perm

Question 43

under max denture; palatal tissue appears as small, asymptomatic(not painful) red spots; treatment with high sugar content in suspension, pastilles, and troches; line denture with cream(azole)

Answer 43

denture sore mouth

Question 44

used for thrush

Answer 44

clotrimazole; a troche that is slowly dissolved in mouth; patients with high caries index should not be given troches because they contain sugar

Question 45

severe and extensive oropharyngeal candidiasis can be treated with

Answer 45

fluconazole 100 -200 mg orally twice a day

Question 46

______ is good for candida suppression in hiv disease

Answer 46

prophylactic fluconazole

Question 47

commissures of lips

Answer 47

angular cheilosis

Question 48

what are the causes of angular cheilosis

Answer 48

fungal infection caused by candida albicans b complex deficiency drooing/overclosure(moisture)

Question 49

treatment of angular cheilosis

Answer 49

azole topical

Question 50

which of the following agents is used to treat fungal infection in oral cavity? a. metronidazole(flagyl) b. tetracycline c. azythromicin(z pak) d. clotrimazole(mycelex)

Answer 50

d

Question 51

which of the following is used to treat cold sores a. flagyl b. tetracycline c. acyclovir d. clotrimazole

Answer 51

c

Question 52

causes of thrush

Answer 52

broad spectrum antibiotics, inhalation corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs suppress immune system and encourage fungi to overgrow