chapter 7

Question 1

issues with antibiotics

Answer 1

resistance
superinfections
gi problems
allergic reactions
photosensitivity

Question 2

when to use antibiotics in dental therapy

Answer 2

aggressive periodontitis
topical antimicrobial agents- chronic localized periodontitis
endodontic therapy
implant dentistry

Question 3

natural penicillin: narrow spectrum

Answer 3

penicillin V 500 mg qid

Question 4

beta-lactamase inhibitors of the penicillins

Answer 4

augmentin 500 mg qid

Question 5

aminopenicillin: broad spectrum

Answer 5

amoxillicin 500 mg qid

Question 6

penicillin effective in killing

Answer 6

gram + cocci and bacilli(strep pneumoniae) also some gram -

Question 7

what two penicillins are only used in dentistry for mild to moderate odontogenic infections

Answer 7

penicillin VK and amoxicillin

Question 8

what is the drug of choice in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Answer 8

penicillin VK

Question 9

penicillin beter absorbed in gi tract

Answer 9

amoxicillin

Question 10

penicillin that requires less frequent dosing

Answer 10

amoxicillin

Question 11

which penicillin is poorly absorbed when take as a capsule or liquid- most often as IM and IV

Answer 11

ampicillin

Question 12

are cephalasporins bactericidal

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

are ceph used for dental infections

Answer 13

no; not drug of choice for dental inf bc expensive

Question 14

first generation ceph

Answer 14

cefafroxil(duricef)

cephalexin(keflex)

Question 15

second generation ceph

Answer 15

cefaclor(ceclor)

cefprozil(cefzil)

Question 16

third generation ceph

Answer 16

omnicef(cefdinir)

Question 17

effective against obligate or strict anaerobeic

Answer 17

metronidazole(flagyl)

Question 18

found in GCF in the periodontal pocket

Answer 18

metronidazole/nitroimidazoles

Question 19

what two drugs are good against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis in aggressive periodontitis and nonresponding periodontitis

Answer 19

metronidazole and amoxicillin

Question 20

flagyl and alcohol produce

Answer 20

disulfiram like reaction-vomiting

Question 21

what to use metronidazole to treat

Answer 21

adjunctive treatment of refractory or chronic periodontitis

Question 22

not actually antibiotic bc totally synthetically produced; broad spectrum anitmicrobials with good activity against facultative gram negative anaerobes

Answer 22

quinolones

Question 23

good alternative if patient allergic to penicillin; brand names are cipro and levaquin

Answer 23

quinolones

Question 24

majority of dental patients taking quinolone will most likely be taking it for what

Answer 24

chronic bronchitis; avoid air polishing

Question 25

what are erythromycins(macrolides) are most effective against killing

Answer 25

gram positive and some gram neg; bacteriostatic-inhibits bac mult

Question 26

what are the second generation erythromycins that have a broader spectrum of action with fewer adverse side effects than the erythromycins

Answer 26

azalides

Question 27

two drugs that are azalides

Answer 27

azithromycin(zithromax) and clarithromycin(biaxin)

Question 28

used in treatment of periodontal disease; concentrates in phagocytes such as pmns and macrophages, which contribute to their distribution into inflamed perio tissues(gingival cT) in greater amounts than in plasma

Answer 28

azithromycin

Question 29

azithromycin is used in the treatment of

Answer 29

periodontal diseases

Question 30

what could a patient be taking a form of erythromycin for

Answer 30

infections, including chronic bronchitis

Question 31

effective against more gram pos; primarily bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal in high doses; taking for dental infection such as periodontal abscess or periodontal disease

Answer 31

clindamycin

Question 32

tetracyclines

Answer 32

tetracycline hcl; doxycycline hyclate; minocycline hcl

Question 33

which of the tetracyclines are broad spec fighting against gram pos and neg aerobic and anaerobin

Answer 33

doxy and minocycline

Question 34

what pregnancy category is tetracyclines

Answer 34

D

Question 35

azole and tetra

Answer 35

in pocket bacteria

Question 36

concentrates higher in gcf in the pocket than in blood, used in treatment of aggressive periodontitis

Answer 36

tetracycline

Question 37

oral antibiotics

Answer 37

amoxicillin or ampicillin 2.0 g

Question 38

unable to take oral meds

Answer 38

cefazolin or ceftriaxone 1g IM or IV

Question 39

allergic to penicillins or ampicillin- oral

Answer 39

cephalexin 2g adult clindamycin 600mg azithromycin or clarithromycin- 500mg

Question 40

allergic to penicillin or ampicillin and unable to take oral meds

Answer 40

cefazolin or ceftriaxone 1gIM or IV | clindamycin 600mg IM or IV

Question 41

the ability of the drug to absorb or bind to intraoral surfaces such as teeth and soft tissues with subsequent release of the drug in its active form

Answer 41

substantivity

Question 42

alcohol free rinses

Answer 42

``` chlorhexidine .12 crest prohealth rembrandt listerine zero oral b plaque rinse listermint breathrx ```

Question 43

which antimicrobial mouthrinse has the highest substantivity

Answer 43

chlorhexidine gluconate .12(peridex and perioguard)

Question 44

side effects of chlorhex

Answer 44

supragingival calc formation | tooth and tongue stains

Question 45

which has lowest substantivity

Answer 45

listerine

Question 46

how effective is scope cepacol

Answer 46

lack of substantivity limits clinical effectiveness

Question 47

mouth rinse formulations; primarily for inflammation of gingival soft tissues

Answer 47

peroxides and perborates

Question 48

since ______ liberates gaseous oxygen, it provides a cleansing action and gentle effervescence for oral wounds

Answer 48

hydrogen peroxide 3%

Question 49

controlled release antimicrobial drugs used in dentistry

Answer 49

arestin(microsperes of minoHCL) atridox(10% of doxy hyclate) periochip( 2.5 mg chlorhexidine gluconate)

Question 50

what causes tb

Answer 50

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 51

firm nodules or tubercles throughout the body ; inhaled into the lungs through aerosol droplets from coughing, sneezing, or similar close contact wit an infected individual

Answer 51

tb bacteria

Question 52

drugs used to treat tb

Answer 52

Rifamipin Inh Pyrazinamide ethambutol