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chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

NSAIDS stands for

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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2
Q

non narcotic are considered

A

nsaids(ibuprofen)

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3
Q

narcotic opioids

A

codeine, hydrocodone

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4
Q

brand name for aspirin

A

ASA; aspirin

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5
Q

chemical name

A

salicylic acid

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6
Q

explains the inflammatory events that occur locally after tissue trauma/damage

A

prostaglandin synthesis pathway

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7
Q

inhibiting a certain step in this pathway is how what works>

A

nsaids

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8
Q

enzyme found inside most cells in the body(GI tract kidneys and platelets

A

cox 1

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9
Q

serves a protective role; lining of the stomach from stomach gastric acids

A

cox 1

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10
Q

found in brain, kidney,bones and reproductive organs; produced only during inflammation

A

cox 2

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11
Q

is aspirins and nsaids selective or not

A

not selective; inhibit both cox 1 and 2

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12
Q

can cause GI problems because it blocks cox 1

A

aspirins and nsaids

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13
Q

acetylsalicylic acid is what

A

ASA aspirin

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14
Q

can cause bleeding and ulcers

A

aspirin

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15
Q

increasing dose beyond a point does not increase analgesia

A

ceiling effect

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16
Q

aspirin causes___ due to inhibition of prostaglandins and braykinin; relieves mild to moderate pain(dental)

A

analgesia

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17
Q

therapeutic effects of aspirin

A

analgesia
anti inflammatory
antipyretic
antiplatelet effect

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18
Q

what med you use for prophylactic (prevention) treatment of thromboembolic disorders(myocardial infarction heart attack) and stroke

A

baby aspirin- 81 mg

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19
Q

pharmacokinetics: aspirin

A

absorbed from upper small intestine(duodenum)and small part of stomach

distribution: found in blood within 30 min
metabolized: in liver to salicylic acid
excreted: in urine by kidneys

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20
Q

what is a contraindication of aspirin

A

reye’s syndrome- children less than 17 years of age and ulcers

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21
Q

patients with nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis(hay fever/ allergic reactions to aspirin) are at risk of developing

A

bronchoconstriction and anaphylaxis

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22
Q

about ___ of patients with asthma are intolerant to aspirin and other nsaids

A

10%

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23
Q

reg strength aspirin is how many mg?

A

325 mg

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24
Q

what drugs interact with aspirin

A 
oral antidiabetic
ACE inhibitors
other aspirin containing otc drugs 
thiazide or loop diuretics
anticoags
alcohol
herbs
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25
child toxicity is seen with `aspirin
1g or 1000mg
26
lethal dose for aspirin in kids
10g
27
treatment of overdose of aspirin is initiated by stopping
absorption by gastric lavage and activated charcoal
28
nsaids block
cox 1 and 2
29
nsaids contraindications
asthma nasal polyps hypersensitivity to nsaids
30
drug interactions with nsaids
ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers
31
can u take nsaids with aspirin?
no take it with acetaminophen
32
which drug is the only cox 2 inhibitor currently available
celebrex
33
pharmacokinetics for acetaminophen
absorbed from GI tract rapidly and almost completely distribution: reaches peak blood levels in 30 to 60 min metabolism: in liver
34
what is acetaminophen toxic to
liver(hepatotoxicity)
35
does acetaminophen have gi disturbances?
low to no GI disturbances
36
what pregnancy category does acetaminophen have
B
37
what drug interactions of acetaminophen cause increased liver damage
tegretol, dilantin, rifadin
38
which drugs have analgesia effect on mild to moderate pain
aspirin, nsaids, acetaminophen
39
which drugs have antipyretic effect
aspirin, nsaids, aceta
40
which drugs have anti inflammatory
aspirin and nsaids
41
which drugs have antiplatelet effect
aspirin
42
which drugs cause gi ulceration and bleeding
aspirin and nsaids
43
which drugs are toxic to liver
acetaminophen
44
which drugs are toxic to the kidneys
nsaids
45
which drug causes reyes syndrome
aspirin
46
which meds cause dizziness
nsaids
47
which meds cause fluid retention
nsaids
48
which drugs have allergies
aspirin and nsaids
49
mechanism of action of aspirin and nsaids
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis; block enzyme cox 1 and cox 2; provides anti-inflammatory effect
50
mechanism of action of acetaminophen
blocks cox 3(CNS); no inflammatory effects
51
what is the most common otc pain reliever
acetaminophen
52
which is widely used in dentistry as a pain reliever and in combo with narcotics
acetaminophen
53
does acetaminophen have an effect on blood clotting
no
54
does acetaminophen have gi irritation
no
55
does acetaminophen have anti-inflammatory effects
no
56
what are the 3 opioids used in dentistry
hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine
57
5 pharmacologic actions of narcotics
``` analgesia sedation euphoic effect cough suppression(supress respirations) decreased GI activity ```
58
what is hydrocodone and oxycodone
short acting opioid agonists
59
opioids work by :
releasing endorphins and activate opioid receptors, blocking the transmission of pain impulses; these substances are the body's natural opiates that inhibit painful stimuli
60
which are opioid receptors
mu- analgesic, respiratory, depressant, euphoric effects | kappa- respiratory depression, miosis, sedation
61
drug interactions with opioids
antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics, alcohol, and pschotropics-increased CNS effects
62
long-acting synthetic morphine derivative used orally in the treatment of opioid (usually heroin) addiction; wean patients off narcotics because it does not produce euphoria(ecstasy); still abused
methadone
63
what is a less effective analgesic than morphine with half the duration of action; used for moderate to severe pain
meperidine
64
most effective when combined with nsaids, aspirin, or acetaminophen
oxycodone and hydrocodone
65
naturally occuring narcotic agonist obtained from the opium poppy but in lesser amounts than morphine; most potent analgesic than morphine; less respiratory depressant and constipation and has less dependence potential
codeine
66
hydrocodone/tylenol trade name and schedule
trade name: lorcet, lortab, vicodin | C-III
67
oxycodone/tylenol trade name and schedule
percocet/tylox | C-II
68
oxycodone/ibuprofen trade name and schedule
combunox | C-II
69
oxycodone/aspirin trade name and schedule
C-II
70
acetaminophen/codeine trade name and schedule
tylenol/codeine | C-III

pharmacology (11 decks)

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