chapter 13- motivation

Question 1

higher-order needs

Answer 1

esteem and self-actualization needs in maslow’s hierarchy

Question 2

need

Answer 2

an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

Question 3

satisfier factor

Answer 3

a measure of job satisfaction that is found in job content, such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement or personal growth

Question 4

need for affiliation

Answer 4

the desire to establish and maintain good relations w people

Question 5

law or effect

Answer 5

a motivational theory that states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not

Question 6

perceived negative inequity

Answer 6

discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment

Question 7

related needs

Answer 7

desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships

Question 8

existence needs

Answer 8

desires for physiological and material well-being

Question 9

lower-order needs

Answer 9

physiological, safety and social needs in maslow’s hierarchy

Question 10

job enrichment

Answer 10

increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor

Question 11

extinction

Answer 11

discouraging a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence

Question 12

need for power

Answer 12

the desire to control, influence or be responsible for other people

Question 13

valence

Answer 13

the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes

Question 14

punishment

Answer 14

discouraging a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence

Question 15

expectancy

Answer 15

a person’s belief that working hard will result in high task performance

Question 16

positive reinforcement

Answer 16

strengthening a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurence

Question 17

self-efficacy

Answer 17

a person’s belief that they are capable of performing a task

Question 18

job design

Answer 18

the allocation of specific work tasks to individual and groups

Question 19

hygiene factor

Answer 19

a measure of job satisfaction that is found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies and salary

Question 20

perceived positive inequity

Answer 20

discomfort felt over benefiting from unfair treatment

Question 21

growth needs

Answer 21

desires for continued psychological growth and development

Question 22

law of contingent reinforcement

Answer 22

deliver the reward only when desired behavior occurs

Question 23

shaping

Answer 23

positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior

Question 24

law of immediate reinforcement

Answer 24

deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs

Question 25

motivation

Answer 25

the level, direction and persistence of effort expanded at work

Question 26

operant conditioning

Answer 26

the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences

Question 27

negative reinforcement

Answer 27

strengthening a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence

Question 28

need for achievement

Answer 28

the desire to do something better, to solve problems or to master complex tasks

Question 29

instrumentality

Answer 29

a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance