Chapter 13: Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that are broad and long-lasting

Question 2

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 2

based on hidden needs in the unconscious that motivate us

Question 3

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Answer 3

from Vienna, Austria, became the 1st psychiatrist, believes core of personality appears age 5-6 years

Question 4

Anna O

Answer 4

Hypnotic, Talking Cure, Hysterical Pregnancy

Question 5

Unconscious

Answer 5

reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories (unaware of)

Question 6

Personality Structure

Answer 6

conflict between impulse and restraint create the inner self divisions of how we struggle to control

Question 7

ID

Answer 7

basic needs and drives, contains libido, without Id we could not survive

Question 8

SuperEgo

Answer 8

“conscience” that mediated the demands of the mind

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

Idealistic self, allows Id controlled expression with boundaries of SuperEgo, shows itself by seeking instant satisfacation and gratification

Question 10

Oral Stage

Answer 10

Birth to 2, centers on sensual pleasure of mouth; sucking, biting, chewing, major task is weaning

Question 11

Anal Stage

Answer 11

2 to 3. task is toilet training, problems if too lenient/harsh

Question 12

Phallic Stage

Answer 12

3 to 6, child develops romantic interest in opposite-sex parent and hostility toward same-sex parent

Question 13

Latency Stage

Answer 13

6 to preteen, earlier conflicts remain subdud

Question 14

Genital Stage

Answer 14

Puberty on, mature sexual feelings toward another person cause reappearance of earlier conflicts

Question 15

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 15

behaviors to protect ego against anxiety

Question 16

Neo-Freudian/ Psycho-dynamic Theorists

Answer 16

accept Freud’s basic personality ideas and the unconscious but were different in:

• More emphasis on conscious minds
• doubted that only sex and aggression were all-consuming motivations

Question 17

Alfred Adler

Answer 17

Social interaction is key

Question 17

Alfred Adler

Answer 17

Social interaction is key

Question 18

Inferiority Complex

Answer 18

Insecure people struggle to look better, spend life trying to dominate, and control others

Question 19

Carl Jung

Answer 19

Freud follower turned dissenter, doubts animal instinct - focuses on innate capabilities

Question 20

Collective Unconscious

Answer 20

Universal experiences shared by human race

Question 21

Archetypes

Answer 21

Universal cultural themes

Question 22

Persona

Answer 22

A mask to hide true self

Question 23

Anima

Answer 23

Feminine aspect of persona

Question 24

Animus

Answer 24

Masculine aspect of persona

Question 25

Erik Erikson

Answer 25

Opportunity to change throughout life

Question 26

Trust v Mistrust

Answer 26

Infant dependence on caregiver

Question 27

Autonomy v Shame

Answer 27

Physical independence

Question 28

Initiative v Guilt

Answer 28

Explore, intellectual separateness

Question 29

Industry v Inferiority

Answer 29

Molded, skills, lack rewards

Question 30

Identity v Identity Confusion

Answer 30

Self-identity in group

Question 31

Intimacy v Isolation

Answer 31

Permanent relationships

Question 32

Generatively v Stagnation

Answer 32

Gives something important

Question 33

Ego Integrity v Ego Despair

Answer 33

Dignity at completion of life or lack control

Question 34

Projective Tests

Answer 34

Personality test to measure inner feelings elicited by a vague stimulus like an ink blot or picture

Question 35

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 35

Shown vague pictures and asked to interpret them by adding stories

Question 36

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 36

Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss psychologist creates in ink blot cards

Question 37

Situational Assessments

Answer 37

Look at how circumstances surrounding an event influence people's responses

Question 38

Norms

Answer 38

Patterns of test answers from different types of people

Question 39

The Humanistic Perspective

Answer 39

Focus of the ways healthy people strive for self-determination and self-realization

Question 40

Abraham Maslow

Answer 40

Each inherit something unique and if the enviroment cooperates we have opportunity for greatness

Question 41

Carl Rogers

Answer 41

People are basically good, problems living up to ideal self

Question 42

Frank Fromm

Answer 42

Distinctively human or existential needs

Question 43

5 points of Fromm's theory

Answer 43

- Relatedness - Transcendence - Rootedness - Sense of Identity - Frame of Orientation

Question 44

Behaviorism

Answer 44

Unconscious is ignored, focus on behaviors and that out personalities evolve from rewards and punishments

Question 45

John B. Watson

Answer 45

If we could control environment from infancy, mold person into anything

Question 46

B.F. skinner

Answer 46

Everything is a result of a mechanical association of events with consequences

Question 47

Albert Bandura

Answer 47

Some things are learned by straight association, but what about our ability to think, analyze, and inferiority?

Question 48

Trait Theories

Answer 48

Personality traits make up out personality, influence, how we perceive the world and respond to it

Question 49

Gordon Allport

Answer 49

- Cardinal Traits - Central Traits - Secondary Traits

Question 50

Raymond Cattell

Answer 50

- Surface Traits | - Source Traits

Question 51

Hans Eysenck

Answer 51

- Extroversion | - Emotional Stability

Question 52

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 52

Five personality traits appear early or are inherited, found across cultures and seem to be enduring over lifetime

Question 53

MMPI measure these 5 points

Answer 53

- Conscientiousness - Agreeableness - Neuroticism - Openness - Extraversion

Question 54

These Three Characteristics remain the same regardless of age:

Answer 54

- Friendliness - Eagerness - Comfort/Anxiety levels