Chapter 5: Developing Through the Life Span

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

Study how people are continually developing physically, cognitively, and socially from infancy through old age

Question 2

Developmental Psychology studies three Major issues

Answer 2

• Nature/Nurture
• Continuity/Stages
• Stability/Change

Question 3

Conception

Answer 3

mature egg meets sperm

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

conception to 2 weeks. 1/2 don’t move on

Question 5

Embryo

Answer 5

2 weeks to 8 weeks. 1/4 don’t move on

Question 6

Fetus

Answer 6

9 weeks to birth. 1/4 don’t move on

Question 7

Prenatal Issues

Answer 7

Teratogens
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Abortion
Amniocentesis
Fetal Research
Tranplants

Question 8

Rooting Reflex

Answer 8

Turn To Touch

Question 9

Grasping Reflex

Answer 9

Grab and HOLD

Question 10

Startle Reflex

Answer 10

Delayed Reaction

Question 11

Stepping Reflex

Answer 11

Before 2 months, Walking

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

decrease in response to repeated stimulation

Question 13

Sight in Newborns

Answer 13

12in. with increase of 1in. week

Question 14

Brain Development

Answer 14

born with most of the brain cells

Question 15

Maturation

Answer 15

automatic, orderly, and sequential basic course of development

Question 16

Memory

Answer 16

Infants have Amnesia

Question 17

Cognitive Development

Answer 17

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 18

Jean Piaget

Answer 18

zoologist turned developmental psychologist, works on standardizing IQ tests

Question 19

Schema

Answer 19

a concept used to organize and interpret infrmation

Question 20

Assimilation

Answer 20

interpret new information using existing schemas

Question 21

Accommodation

Answer 21

adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information

Question 22

Piaget’s Sensory-Motor Stage

Answer 22

knowledge is tied to senses and movements in enviroment

Question 23

Object Permanence

Answer 23

8-10 months no longer has “out of Sight out of mind” mentality

Question 24

Piaget’s Pre-operational Stage

Answer 24

acquire language and ability to use symbols, but not logical thought of concepts (self-centered)

Question 25

Conservation

Answer 25

Changing Characteristics, Keep and Maintain

Question 26

Egocentrism

Answer 26

difficulty taking another's Point of View

Question 27

Piaget's Concrete Operations Stage

Answer 27

understands a real world with real objects, manipulation of objects

Question 28

Piaget's Formal Operations Stage

Answer 28

ability to have highly symbolic and abstract thoughts found in logic, math, philosophy, ethics (cultural influences)

Question 29

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 29

starts at 8 months

Question 30

Attachment

Answer 30

bond with another person

Question 31

Harlow Monkey Experiment

Answer 31

infant deprived of social attachment has lasting behavior problems

Question 32

Critical Periods

Answer 32

a specific period when a particular skill can begin to develop or association can occur

Question 33

Imprinting

Answer 33

process of forming attachments in animals. founded by Konrad Lorenz

Question 34

Issues in Child Raising

Answer 34

``` Child Neglect/Abuse Spanking Daycare Lack of Family Closeness Single-Parent Families ```

Question 35

Authoritarian

Answer 35

Rigid Rules and Expect obedience

Question 36

Permissive

Answer 36

Children do anything, few rules made or enforced, little punishment

Question 37

Authoritative

Answer 37

remanding and responsive, seek input, consistent but flexible enforcement

Question 38

Adolescense

Answer 38

transition period that extends from puberty to independence

Question 39

Kohlberg's Pre-Conventional

Answer 39

self-interest, obey to avoid punishment

Question 40

Kohlberg's Conventional

Answer 40

based on expectations of others right/wrong

Question 41

Kohlberg's Post-Conventional

Answer 41

basic ethics, human rights, maturity

Question 42

Social Development

Answer 42

forming an identity

Question 43

Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 43

0-1 Needs Met

Question 44

Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Answer 44

1-3 Ability to act on own

Question 45

Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 45

3-6 Finish what you Start

Question 46

Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 46

6-Puberty Trying w/ Effort

Question 47

Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 47

teen-20s Who am I?

Question 48

Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 48

20s-40s Wanting Closeness

Question 49

Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 49

40s-60s Leave a MARK on World?

Question 50

Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 50

60s-up Proud of Life?

Question 51

Moratorium

Answer 51

delay making adult commitments or process of trial and error

Question 52

Fidelity

Answer 52

faithfulness to one's ideals/values, Loyalty to self

Question 53

Marcia's Identity Forclosure

Answer 53

accept identity and values from childhood, don"t explore alternatives

Question 54

Marcia's Identity Diffusion

Answer 54

no clear idea of self, not attempting to find self

Question 55

Marcia's Identity Achievement

Answer 55

Well-defined personal values, goals, and self-concept

Question 56

Issues with Adolescence-Adulthood

Answer 56

- Generation Gap - Family Conflict - Juvenile Delinquency - Eating Disorders

Question 57

Early Adulthood 20-39

Answer 57

Marriage, Career, Kids

Question 58

Social Clock

Answer 58

Culturally preferred timing of social events

Question 59

Cohabitation

Answer 59

Increased Divorce Rates if before Marriage

Question 60

Menopause

Answer 60

Menstruation and Ovulation stops, physical symptoms because of lessened Hormone levels

Question 61

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 61

Knowledge and Verbal Skills

Question 62

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 62

Ability to reason Quickly

Question 63

Gerontology

Answer 63

study of the aging process and problems of older people

Question 64

Ageism

Answer 64

Prejudice against old age

Question 65

Thanatology

Answer 65

study of death and methods of coping, Thanos=God of Death

Question 66

Institutionalization

Answer 66

only 5% of elderly live in nursing homes

Question 67

Stages of Dying wit Terminally-Ill - Ross

Answer 67

- Denial - Anger - Bargaining - Depression - Acceptance