Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

the _____ and _____ systems share some of the same structures and functions.

Answer 1

lymphatic; immune

Question 2

both the lymphatic and immune systems contain _____ ____, ____, ____ ____, and some of the disease-fighting ____ ____.

Answer 2

lymph nodes; spleen, thymus gland; immune cells

Question 3

the lymphatic system reduces ____ ____ by _____ fluid from capillary beds

Answer 3

tissue edema; removing

Question 4

the lymphatic system returns the ____ from the fluids to the _____.

Answer 4

proteins; blood

Question 5

the lymphatic system traps and filters ____ ____, such as cancer cells and microbes, with the help of cells called _____

Answer 5

cellular debris; macrophagesq

Question 5

the lymphatic system recycles ____ ____ to various parts of the body.

Answer 5

body fluid

Question 6

the lymphatic system circulates ____ to assist with the immune response.

Answer 6

lymphocytes

Question 7

the lymphatic system moves fats from the ____ ____ to the blood.

Answer 7

GI tract

Question 8

the immune system protects the body against ____ ____ invasion.

Answer 8

foreign body

Question 9

the immune system coordinates activities in the _____ , ____ ____, and the ____ ____ to protect the body from foreign body invasion.

Answer 9

blood; body tissues; lymphatic system

Question 10

the immune system fights off ______ and protects against future _____ by producing a variety of immune responses.

Answer 10

infections

Question 11

the immune system produces _____ (immunoglobulins).

Answer 11

antibodies

Question 12

the lymphatic system is similar to both the _____ and _____ systems in that it involves a network of vessels that transport fluid around the body.

Answer 12

cardiovascular and blood

Question 13

once plasma leaves the vascular system it is known as ____ ____

Answer 13

interstitial fluid

Question 14

____ ____ provides nutrients and performs other functions in the exchange of fluids and from the cells.

Answer 14

interstitial fluid

Question 15

fluid that contains white blood cells and other substances and flows in the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 15

lymph

Question 16

the ____ ____ are thin-walled vessels that receive fluid and debris from the bloodstream.

Answer 16

microscopic capillaries

Question 17

specialized organs that filter harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response.

Answer 17

lymph nodes

Question 18

organ of the lymph system that filters and stores blood, removes old red blood cells and activates lymphocytes. Also filters foreign material from the blood, store blood, remove damaged or old red blood cells, and activate lymphocytes that destroy some of the foreign substances filtered from the blood.

Answer 18

spleen

Question 19

a soft gland with two lobes that is involved in immune responses; located in mediastinum.

Answer 19

thymus gland

Question 20

specialized white blood cells that receive markers in the thymus are responsible for cellular immunity and assist with hormonal immunity.

Answer 20

T cells

Question 21

a kind of lymphocyte that manufactures antibodies.

Answer 21

B lymphocytes

Question 22

hormone secreted by the thymus gland that aids indistrubution of thymocytes (T lymphocytes) and lymphocytes

Answer 22

thymosin

Question 23

aden/o

Answer 23

gland

Question 24

immun/o

Answer 24

immunity

Question 25

lymph/o

Answer 25

lymph

Question 26

lymphaden/o

Answer 26

lymph nodes

Question 27

lymphangi/o

Answer 27

lymphatic vessels

Question 28

splen/o

Answer 28

spleen

Question 29

thym/o

Answer 29

thymus

Question 30

tox/o, toxi-, toxico-

Answer 30

poison

Question 31

the immune system relies on the ____ ____ (RES), ____ system, ____ ____ system (or phagocytic system), and lymphoid system play a significant role in the functions of the immune system.

Answer 31

reticuloendothelial system; hematopoietic; mononuclear phagocytic;

Question 32

hematopoietic system is responsible for the production of the blood cells in the ____ ____.

Answer 32

bone marrow

Question 33

the leukocytes include ____, monocytes, and granulocytes.

Answer 33

lymphocytes

Question 34

The RES and phagocytic systems provide the phagocytes of the tissues and the phagocytes of the blood that are called ____ and ____.

Answer 34

macrophages; microphages

Question 35

Phagocytes remove foreign particles from the body by the process of _____, the internalization or "eating" of the particles and the digestion of the particles for presentation to the appropriate cells of the immune system.

Answer 35

phagocytosis

Question 36

the B cells are responsible for the production of _____ (also called immunoglobulins), that is, the humoral response.

Answer 36

antibodies

Question 37

when disease-causing agents, _____, try to enter the body they often are stopped by the skin, the cilia in the nostrils, and various mucous membranes.

Answer 37

pathogens

Question 38

in the bloodstream, certain substances called ____ may provoke an immune response to certain diseases.

Answer 38

antigens

Question 39

____ ____ is the human body's natural resistance to certain diseases.

Answer 39

natural immunity

Question 40

the body develops ____ ____ ____ either by having a disease and producing natural antibodies to it or by being vaccinated against the disease.

Answer 40

acquired active immunity

Question 41

____ ____ or ____ is the injection of an ____, a substance that provokes an immune response from an organism that causes active immunity via the production of antibodies. This substance is called

Answer 41

immunity immunization; vaccination; antigen; vaccine

Question 42

acquired active immunity is further divided into two types. the first ____ ____, is immunity provided by ____ ____, which produce antibodies called _____.

Answer 42

humoral immunity; plasma cells; immunoglobulins

Question 43

immunoglobulin __ (IgG) is effective against bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

Answer 43

G

Question 44

immunoglobulin ___ (IgA) is common in exocrine gland secretions, such as breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, and gastric juice. Also transfers immunity from mother to infant through breast milk.

Answer 44

A

Question 45

immunoglobulin ___ (IgM) develops in the blood plasma in response to certain antigens within the body or from foreign sources. It is the first antibody to be produced after infection.

Answer 45

M

Question 46

immunoglobulin ___ (IgD) is important in B-cell activation, which helps immunity by transforming itself into a plasma cell in the presence of a specific type of antigen.

Answer 46

D

Question 47

immunoglobulin ___ (IgE) appears in glandular secretions and is associated with allergic reactions.

Answer 47

E

Question 48

the second type of acquired active immunity, or ____-____ ____ , is provided by the action of T cells.

Answer 48

cell-mediated immunity

Question 49

the T cells respond to antigens rapidly and producing proteins called lymphokines (____ and _____) that have antiviral properties that affect the actions of other cells.

Answer 49

interferons; interleukins

Question 50

____ ____ or CD4 cells that stimulate the immune response.

Answer 50

helper cells

Question 51

____ ____ or CD8 cells that help in the destruction of infected cells.

Answer 51

cytotoxic cells

Question 52

____ ____ or T cells (mainly CD8 and some CD4) that suppress B cells and other immune cells.

Answer 52

suppressor cells

Question 53

___ ___ ___ is immunity provided in the form of antibodies or antitoxins that have been developed in another person or another species.

Answer 53

acquired passive immunity

Question 54

a dose of ____ (antibody directed against specific toxins) is given to provide antibodies.

Answer 54

antitoxins

Question 55

____ ____ is a preparation of collected antibodies given to prevent or lessen certain diseases, such as hepatitis A, varicella, and rabies

Answer 55

gamma globulins

Question 56

_____ectomy is removal of the spleen.

Answer 56

splen-

Question 57

an agent that suppresses the immune response is an ____suppressor.

Answer 57

immuno-

Question 58

inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is ____itis.

Answer 58

lymphang-

Question 59

glandular cancer is ____carcinoma.

Answer 59

adeno-

Question 60

a _____cyte is a white blood cell associated with the immune response.

Answer 60

lympho-

Question 61

systemic poisoning is ____cosis.

Answer 61

toxi-

Question 62

_____pathy is disease affecting the lymph nodes.

Answer 62

lymphadeno-

Question 63

removal of the thymus is a ____ectomy

Answer 63

thym-

Question 64

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is diagnosed mainly with two blood serum tests: ____- ____ _____ ____ (ELISA) and ____ ____ (EIA).

Answer 64

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Western blot

Question 65

an _____ is an immune over response to a stimulus.

Answer 65

allergy

Question 66

the most widespread virus that attacks the immune system is the ____ ____ ____ (HIV), a virus spread by sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids, or intravenous exposure.

Answer 66

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 67

_____ or ____ ____ ____ is the most widespread ____ ____, a disease that suppresses the ability of the immune system to defend against infection.

Answer 67

AIDS; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; immunosuppressive disease

Question 68

AIDS is a complex of symptoms caused by HIV, which is a type of _____, a ribonucleic acid (RNA) that causes reversal cell copying.

Answer 68

retrovirus

Question 69

AIDS patients are subject to a number of ____ ____, infections that a healthy immune system can easily fight off but that take hold because of the lowered immune response.

Answer 69

opportunistic infections

Question 70

an infection of malignancy arising from capillary linings. Can affect the skin and lymph nodes.

Answer 70

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 71

_____, cancer of the lymph nodes, is a relatively common cancer with high cure rates.

Answer 71

lymphoma

Question 72

Two of the most common are ____ ____ (____ ____), a type of lymph cancer of uncertain origin that generally appears in early adulthood, and _____, a cancer of the lymph nodes with some cells resembling healthy cells and spreading in a diffuse pattern.

Answer 72

hodgkin's disease; non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 73

depending on how far the disease has spread (_____), both types can be arrested with chemotherapy and radiation.

Answer 73

metastasis

Question 74

a tumor of the thymus gland.

Answer 74

thymoma

Question 75

enlarged spleen

Answer 75

splenomegaly

Question 76

overactive spleen

Answer 76

hypersplenism

Question 77

resemblance of large lymphocytes.

Answer 77

lymphocytic lymphoma

Question 78

large macrophages also known as ____ ____.

Answer 78

histiocytic lymphoma

Question 79

nonmalignant lesions on the lymph nodes, lungs, spleen, skin and liver can indicate the presence of _____, an inflammatory condition that can affect lung function.

Answer 79

sarcoidosis

Question 80

swollen lymph nodes

Answer 80

lymphadenopathy

Question 81

lymphadenopathy can indicate the presence of ___ ___, an acute infectious disease caused by the epstein Barr virus.

Answer 81

infectious mononucleosis

Question 82

they are due to the productionf IgE antibodies against an _____, an allergy-causing substance.

Answer 82

allergen

Question 83

_____ increases as exposure increases, sometimes resulting in _____ (or anaphylactic reaction or shock, a reaction so severe that it can be life-threatening. decreasing BP, breathing, loss of consciousness.

Answer 83

hypersensitivity; anaphylaxis

Question 84

_____ ______, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma, result from the proliferation of T cells that react as though they were fighting a virus, but they are actually destroying healthy cells.

Answer 84

autoimmune disease

Question 85

____ ____ often result from the body's need to fight an actual infection, during which the immune system becomes overactive.

Answer 85

autoimmune responses

Question 86

cancers of the lym system may require a ___ ___ ___, removal of cancerous lymph nodes for microscopic examination.

Answer 86

lymph node dissection

Question 87

_____ is the removal of a lymph node.

Answer 87

lymphadenectomy

Question 88

_____ is an incision into a lymph node.

Answer 88

lymphadenectomy

Question 89

_____ is a removal of the spleen, which is usually required if it is ruptured

Answer 89

splenectomy

Question 90

_____ is removal of the thymus gland

Answer 90

thymectomy

Question 91

antibiotic

Answer 91

AB

Question 92

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Answer 92

AIDS

Question 93

enzyme immunoassy

Answer 93

EIA

Question 94

enzyme-linked immunodeficiency virus

Answer 94

ELISA

Question 95

human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 95

HIV

Question 96

immunoglobulin

Answer 96

Ig

Question 97

PCP

Answer 97

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Question 98

polymorphonucleated cells

Answer 98

PMN

Question 99

reticuloendothelial system

Answer 99

RES