Chapter 13 test

Question 1

What did Christian/northern Renaissance humanism focus on/believe?

Answer 1

They were educated on the greco-roman
Looked at the writings of the early Christians
Believed that through education, the catholic church could be reformed
In order to change society the person must change.

Question 2

What was important about Erasmus?

Answer 2

Taught inner piety
Wrote the handbook of the Christian knight- Christianity should be a guide for everyday life
Wrote Annotations- commentary on the vulgate Bible
Wrote The Prince of Folly- criticism of corrupt things in society

Question 3

Thomas more

Answer 3

Wrote Utopia (nowhere) about the idealistic life

Question 4

What led to the reformation?

Answer 4

Corruption of the church
Clergy held by nobles
Popes preoccupied with power/money
Pluralism- Church officials take more than one position in office

Question 5

Johannes Geiler

Answer 5

Denounced the corruption of the clergy

Wrote the oratory of divine love- emphasised personal spiritual development and acts of kindness

Question 6

Martin Luther

Answer 6

Born in Germany
Worried about the assurance of salvation
Saved by faith not works
95 theses - addressed the abuses in the sale of indulgences

Question 7

Diet of worms

Answer 7

Wanted Luther to recant, but he didn’t

was excommunicated because the elector of saxony kept him alive

Question 8

Pamphlets of 1520

Answer 8

1. Address to the nobility of the German nation- overthrow papacy starting a German reform church
2. The babylonian captivity of the church- attacks the sacramental system
3. On the freedom of a christian man- doctrine of salvation

Question 9

How did Lutheranism spread to?

Answer 9

Luther started in Saxony by translating the NT into German.

Spread to cities through preaching because not many could read.

Question 10

The peasant’s war

Answer 10

led by Thomas muntzer
Went up against the rulers
Luther responded with about how God had placed the authority on earth

Question 11

What sacraments did Luter keep?

Answer 11

Communion- denied transubstantiation

baptism- rebirth through grace

Question 12

charles V of Germany

Answer 12

Controlled over naples, Spain, and HRE
Very catholic
Fought over land with Francis I 
Pope took Francis' side bc Charles was gaining too much power
Habsburg-Valois war

Question 13

Suleiman the magnificent

Answer 13

Leader of the ottoman empire (from turkey)
Killed Louis of Hungary at the battle of Mohacs
advanced all the way to vienna
defeated by charles V in Austria

Question 14

Diet of Augsburg(1530) (Germany)

Answer 14

Made Lutherans return to the Catholic Church

Question 15

Schmalkaldic league

Answer 15

8 princes made a defensive against the diet of augsburg-allied with france

Question 16

Peace of Augsburg(1555)

Answer 16

affirmed the division of Christianity

Question 17

Union of kalmar (1397) Scandivia

Answer 17

Unified Denmark, Norway, and sweden
Failed to do anything
Ruler christian II was overthrown by Gustavus Vasa- which led to the Lutheran Reff. in sweden - Swedish Lutheran national church

Question 18

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 18

Began the Reff. in Switzerland
Spread his ideas through debate
Preached that the papacy didn’t have authority
No music, pilgrimages, praying to saints, relics
Looked to the state to oversee the church

Question 19

Marburg Colloquy (1529)

Answer 19

league of evangelical cities

Communion was taken symbolically

Question 20

Anabaptists

Answer 20

All were equal
suffer from faith
believers baptism
communion- remembrance

Question 21

Menno simons

Answer 21

Created the mennonites

Question 22

Henry VIII (England)

Answer 22

had 5 wives

initiated the Reff. in England

Question 23

Act of Supremacy (1534)

Answer 23

Said the king was the head of the church of Eng.

Question 24

Thomas Crmwell

Answer 24

Closed 400 monasteries

Question 25

John Calvin

Answer 25

``` Wrote the institutes of the Christian Religion Kept baptism and communion Taught: Clergy can marry sovereignty of God Justification of faith in God ```

Question 26

Consistory

Answer 26

Special body for enforcing moral discipline private/public

Question 27

The family impact of the protestant Reff.

Answer 27

focused on mutual love | men was head of household

Question 28

Education in the reff.

Answer 28

introduced secondary schools | added religious instruction

Question 29

How did religious practices change?

Answer 29

No: indulgences, relics, pilgrimages, holy days, monasticism More: private prayer, church family worship,

Question 30

Jesuits

Answer 30

founded by Ignatius Loyola Absolute obedience to the papacy/catholic church 3 Major objectives 1. Education is crucial to combating protestantism 2. Propagation of catholic faith among non-catholics 3. fight protestantism

Question 31

Pope Paul III

Answer 31

Took a study to find out the church was corrupt | Roman inquisition

Question 32

Pope Paul IV

Answer 32

Created the index of forbidden books- list of books catholics were not allowed to read- immoral/protestant teachings

Question 33

The council of trent

Answer 33

reaffirmed the traditional catholic teachings -opposed protestant teachings

Question 34

Huguenots

Answer 34

French Calvinists | Rich religion

Question 35

Ultra Catholics

Answer 35

Opposed the huguenots

Question 36

Puritans

Answer 36

Placed politics before religion - not worth war

Question 37

Edict of Nantes

Answer 37

Catholicism= religion of france, but let the huguenots have religious freedom

Question 38

Philip II

Answer 38

Controlled the Netherlands, Spain, parts of Italy, and the new world Wanted all catholic imported silver and gold in the New world

Question 39

Elizabeth I

Answer 39

Protestant | Encouraged piracy and anyone who aided weakening spain/france

Question 40

Spanish aramada

Answer 40

defeated | England won