Chapter 13 vocab

Question 1

Organism that is harmful or destructive

with humans or our social or economic endeavors.

Answer 1

Pest

Question 2

Organisms that feed on

ornamental plants or agricultural crops or animals

Answer 2

Agricultural pest

Question 3

Plants that compete with agricultural
crops, forests, and forage grasses for light and
nutrients.

Answer 3

Weeds

Question 4

Chemical used to kill plants

Answer 4

Herbicide

Question 5

Chemical used to kill animals and insects

Answer 5

Pesticide

Question 6

Use of chemicals to kill large numbers of pests

Answer 6

Chemical treatment

Question 7

Seeks to give long-lasting protection
by developing control agents on the basis of
knowledge of the pest’s life cycle and of
ecological relationships.

Answer 7

Ecological control

Question 8

An approach to controlling pest populations
by using both chemical and ecological methods in a
way that brings about long-term management of pest
populations and also has minimal environmental
impact.

Answer 8

Integrated pest management

Question 9

included toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic,

cyanide, and mercury

Answer 9

First-generation pesticides

Question 10

Minute insects that suck the juices from plant cells

Answer 10

Scale insects

Question 11

It was effective against multitude of insect pests.

Answer 11

Broad spectrum

Question 12

It did not break down readily in the environment and provided long lasting protection

Answer 12

Persistent

Question 13

Pesticides that interfere with reproductive hormones

Answer 13

Endocrine disruptors

Question 14

People who study birds, observed drastic declines in populations of many species of birds that fed at the tops of food chains

Answer 14

Ornithologists

Question 15

Process of accumulating higher and higher doses of a pesticide up the food chain

Answer 15

Bioaccumulation

Question 16

The multiplying effect of bioaccumulation in a food chain

Answer 16

Biomagnification

Question 17

A phenomenon that after a pest has been virtually eliminated with a pesticide, the pest population not only recovers, but explodes to higher and more severe levels.

Answer 17

Resurgence

Question 18

A phenomenon in which small populations of insects that were previously of no concern because of their low
numbers suddenly start to explode, creating new problems.

Answer 18

Secondary-pest outbreaks

Question 19

the increase use of chemicals increases resistance and secondary-pest outbreaks, which lead to the use of new and larger quantities of chemicals

Answer 19

Pesticide treadmill

Question 20

Break down into simple nontoxic products within a few weeks of being used.

Answer 20

Nonpersistent pesticides

Question 21

Multiple factors work together to create an unexpected outcome

Answer 21

Synergistic effects

Question 22

Involves working with natural factors instead of synthetic

chemicals.

Answer 22

Natural control/Biological control

Question 23

A no chemical alteration of one or more environmental factors in such a way that the pest finds the environment unsuitable or is unable to gain access to its target.

Answer 23

Cultural control

Question 24

Breeding plants that are resistant to insect pests

Answer 24

Genetic control

Question 25

Chemicals produced in humans and other animals which provide “signals” that control developmental processes and metabolic functions

Answer 25

Hormones

Question 26

If this chemical is sprayed on caterpillars, pupation | does not occur

Answer 26

Juvenile hormone

Question 27

Chemicals secreted by one individual that influence the behavior of another of the same species.

Answer 27

Pheromones

Question 28

A measure used to determine when the damage caused by pests is considerable and outweighs the cost of applying a pesticide.

Answer 28

Economic threshold

Question 29

The use of pesticides to prevent a pest before it becomes a problem

Answer 29

Insurance spraying

Question 30

The use of pesticides to control pests that make fruits or vegetables look bad and less desirable to consumers

Answer 30

Cosmetic spraying

Question 31

Pays the farmer in the event of loss due to pests.

Answer 31

Pest-loss insurance

Question 32

Passed by Congress to establish guidelines for the certification of organic foods

Answer 32

Organic Foods Protection Act of 1990

Question 33

Requires manufacturers to register pesticides with the | EPA before marketing them and to test their toxicity levels.

Answer 33

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947

Question 34

Protection of public from the risks of pesticides used on food.

Answer 34

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Question 35

No detectable residue of a pesticide may be on food | if it presents any risk of cancer

Answer 35

The Delaney Clause

Question 36

Passed by Congress which did away with the Delaney Clause and amended both FIFRA and FFDCA.

Answer 36

Food Quality Protection Act of 1996

Question 37

The limit to the amount of pesticide that can remain on food

Answer 37

Tolerance

Question 38

An international treaty that promotes open exchange of information about hazardous chemicals

Answer 38

The Rotterdam Convention

Question 39

Exporting countries inform all potential importing countries of actions they have taken to ban or restrict the use of pesticides or other toxic chemicals

Answer 39

Prior informed consent

Question 40

Approved by the FAO in 2002 which promotes safe use of pesticides

Answer 40

Code of conduct

Question 41

A treaty designed to eliminate or restrict persistent organic pollutants.

Answer 41

Stockholm convention