CHAPTER 13 Vocab A-Z

Question 1

Medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness

Answer 1

Antianxiety drugs

Question 2

Medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression

Answer 2

Antideppressant drugs

Question 3

Medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions

Answer 3

Antipsychotics

Question 4

A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response

Answer 4

Aversion therapy

Question 5

A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning

Answer 5

Behavior-modification

Question 6

Application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviors

Answer 6

Behavior therapies

Question 7

A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Answer 7

Behaviorism

Question 8

Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders

Answer 8

Biomedical therapies

Question 9

An insight therapy that plays a emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy

Answer 9

Client-centered therapy

Question 10

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems

Answer 10

Clinical psychologists

Question 11

An insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

Answer 11

Cognitive therapy

Question 12

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning

Answer 12

Conditioned response

Question 13

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned responses

Answer 13

Conditioned stimulus

Question 14

A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Answer 14

Conflict

Question 15

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems

Answer 15

Counseling psychologists

Question 16

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Answer 16

Defense mechanisms

Question 17

Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care

Answer 17

Deinstitutionalization

Question 18

A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client’s dreams

Answer 18

Dream analysis

Question 19

In psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system

Answer 19

Eclecticism

Question 20

A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions

Answer 20

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 21

A psychoanalytic technique in which clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur with as little censorship as possible

Answer 21

Free association

Question 22

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Answer 22

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 23

The simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group

Answer 23

Group therapy

Question 24

The degree of disparity between one’s self-concept and one’s actual experience

Answer 24

Incongruence

Question 25

Psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior

Answer 25

Insight therapies

Question 26

In psychoanalysis, the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors

Answer 26

Interpretation

Question 27

A chemical used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders

Answer 27

Lithium

Question 28

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Answer 28

Major depressive disorder

Question 29

A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders

Answer 29

Mental hospital

Question 30

The fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment

Answer 30

Placebo effects

Question 31

Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Answer 31

Psychiatrists

Question 32

An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference

Answer 32

Psychoanalysis

Question 33

The treatment of mental disorders with medication

Answer 33

Psychopharmacotheraphy

Question 34

An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients' patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior

Answer 34

Rational-emotive therapy

Question 35

Effect that occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new score falls closer to the mean

Answer 35

Regression toward the mean

Question 36

A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane

Answer 36

Reuptake

Question 37

A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior

Answer 37

Self-concept

Question 38

the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response

Answer 38

Shaping

Question 39

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced

Answer 39

Social psychology

Question 40

A behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning

Answer 40

Systematic desensitization

Question 41

A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements

Answer 41

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 42

A behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal

Answer 42

Social skills training

Question 43

In therapy, the phenomenon that occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives

Answer 43

Transference

Question 44

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning

Answer 44

Unconditioned response

Question 45

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning

Answer 45

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 46

Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment

Answer 46

Spontaneous remission