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AP Psych 1 > Unit 1 Guided Notes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Guided Notes Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and the factors that influence them

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Any observable response or activity by an organism

A

Behavior

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3
Q

Physiology ad Philosophy

A

Influencing factors

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4
Q

Relying on observable data

A

Empiricism

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5
Q

Relying on the simplest explanation possible (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Parsimony

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6
Q

Human behavior is ultimately predictable (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Determinism

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7
Q

As a science, psychologists deal with data that can be answered (ex. of Empiricism)

A

Testability

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Structuralism

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9
Q

I think…

A

Therefor, I am.

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10
Q

Wilhelm Wundt emphasized introspective analysis of _____ and _____

A

Sensation and Perception

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11
Q

William James

A

Functionalism

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12
Q

Does Functionalism or Structuralism have a more lasting impact?

A

Functionalism - it lea to behaviorism

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13
Q

Looking within in an attempt to describe one’s own memories, perceptions, and cognitive processes or motivation

A

Introspection

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14
Q

The branch of psychology that studies the physiological/biological basis of behavior (Emphasis on heredity and biological processes, such as brain chemistry)

A

Physiological

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15
Q

Function of abnormally low levels of saratonin in the brain

A

Depression

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16
Q

Psychology should study only observable behavior - actions have consequences

A

John Watson

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17
Q

The branch of psychology that studies complex behavior and mental processes

A

Cognitive (Jean Piaget)

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18
Q

Cognitive Psychology Branches

A 
Learning 
Attention 
Learning and Memory 
Verbal Behavior (language) 
Concept Formation 
Problem Solving
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19
Q

Psychology emphasizing perception and thought processes - depressed people perceive events in a negative ways and think depressing thoughts

A

Cognitive Psychology

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20
Q

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic

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21
Q

An approach to the study of human behavior that emphasizes human experience, choice of creativity, self-realization, and positive growth

A

Humanism

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22
Q

Emphasis on resolved conflicts from childhood, unconscious motives, and importance of sexuality

A

Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud

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23
Q

Emphasis on observable behavior and the consequences of behavior

A

Behaviorism

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24
Q

Emphasis on free will and personal growth

A

Humanism

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25
Study of biological bases of psychological processes and behavior
Biopsychology
26
Thinking, conscious experience, observable mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
27
Study chances that occur with age
Developmental Psychology
28
Investigation and treatment of abnormal behavior and mental disorders
Clinical Psychology
29
Interaction between lifestyle and physical health
Health Psychology
30
Work to improve curriculum designs, achievement testing, and teacher training
Educational Psychology
31
Testing and counseling of children having difficulties in school; aid parents and teachers
School Psychology
32
Run Human Resources departments; improve productivity and attitudes, increase job satisfaction and moral
Industrial Psychology
33
A psychologist who helps organizations that manufacture products or that buy products/services
Consumer Psychology
34
Investigate relationships between people and physical environment; work with architects and geographers
Environmental Psychology
35
Studies the effects of culture on behavior
Cultural Psychology
36
Analyzes criminals - find out what makes them tick
Forensic Psychology
37
MD - diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Psychiatrist
38
PhD or Ed D or PhD - interviews, testing, group/individual psychotherapy
Clinical psychologist
39
A set of rules that govern the collection and analysis of data gained through observations, studies, and experiments
The Scientific Method
40
Steps of scientific method
Identify problem Form hypothesis Carry out research
41
Goals of scientific method
Measurement/Description Understanding/Prediction Application/Control
42
Steps in scientific investigation
``` Formulate a testable hypothesis Select the method and design the study Collect the data Analyze the data and draw conclusions Report the findings ```
43
Define the actions and operations used to measure or control a variable
Operationalization
44
Condition or event directly manipulated by the experimenter
Independent Variable
45
The aspect or behavior thought to be affected by the IV; outcome or result
Dependent Variable
46
Outside variables that might affect DV
Extraneous Variables
47
Gets no special treatment
Control Group
48
Gets special treatment
Experimental/treatment group
49
Involved in the experiment with the experimenters
Confederates
50
Use old, previously recorded data
Archival research
51
No intervention with subjects
Naturalistic Observation
52
Questionnaires and interviews used to gather information about specific aspects of behavior
Survey Research
53
Follows one participant
Case study
54
Informed consent
Ethics
55
Experimenter has an idea of how they would want their experiment to turn out
Experimenter Bias
56
May not experiment seriously; they may try to guess what is happening
Subject Bias
57
Change in behavior due to no actual treatment
Placebo Effect
58
Much larger collection of animals/people
Population
59
Collection of subjects selected for observation
Sample
60
Used to determine if a relationship between two factors exists, and what type of relationship
Correlational Research
61
Both variables change in the same direction
Positive Correlations
62
Variables change in opposite direction
Negative Correlations
63
Numerical index of degree of relationship between 2 variables
Correlation Coefficient
64
Make predictions about population based on samples
Inferential Statistics
65
Make calculations to determine whether research results are statistically significant
Hypothesis testing
66
Probability that observed findings are due to chance is low
Statistical significance
67
Repeat to verify results are valid
Replication

AP Psych 1 (34 decks)

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