CHAPTER 14

Question 1

true or false? spinal reflexes do not involve the brain.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Which is faster, a reflex or a response? Why?

Answer 2

a reflex, because information does not have to travel very far or be processed by the brain

Question 3

the inferior end of the spinal cord tapers to form a point called the

Answer 3

conus medullaris

Question 4

Typical length and diameter of an adult’s spinal cord

Answer 4

3/4 in diameter, 16-18 in length

Question 5

True or false? the spinal cord spans the entire length of the vertebral column.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

The spinal cord has 2 longitudinal depressions. what are they called?

Answer 6

posterior median sulcus and anterior median fissure

Question 7

four parts of spinal cord

Answer 7

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 8

2 widened regions of spinal cord, with greater number of neurons

Answer 8

cervical and lumbar enlargements

Question 9

Why do the enlargements of the spinal cord have more neurons?

Answer 9

they innervate their corresponding limbs

Question 10

spinal cord meninges

Answer 10

pia, arachnoid, dura

Question 11

delicate layer (meninge) adhering to spinal cord

Answer 11

pia mater

Question 12

lateral extensions of pia, help suspend spinal cord

Answer 12

denticulate ligaments

Question 13

filum terminale

Answer 13

pia anchoring inferior end of spinal cord to coccyx

Question 14

web-like external layer to pia

Answer 14

arachnoid mater

Question 15

arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 15

fibrous extensions of the arachnoid mater

Question 16

subarachnoid space

Answer 16

area deep to arachnoid mater through wich CSF flows

Question 17

tough, outermost of the spinal cord meninges

Answer 17

dura mater

Question 18

Where is the epidural space in relation to the dura mater, and what can be found there?

Answer 18

between the dura and vertebra. it houses adipose and areolar connective tissues, as well as blood vessels

Question 19

procedure for obtaining CSF for medical diagnosis

Answer 19

lumbar puncture

Question 20

Where to lumbar puncture?

Answer 20

just above or below L4

Question 21

Masses of grey matter that project from the center of the spinal cord

Answer 21

“horns”

Question 22

which of the horns houses axons of sensory neurons and bodies of interneurons?

Answer 22

posterior

Question 23

which horn houses cell bodies of somatic motor neurons?

Answer 23

anterior

Question 24

Which horn houses cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons?

Answer 24

lateral horns

Question 25

Regions of white matter found on spinal cord

Answer 25

funiculi

Question 26

which funiculus contains sensory tracts (axon bundles called fasciculi)

Answer 26

posterior

Question 27

Which funiculus contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts?

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

Which funiculus has its left and right connected by the white commissure?

Answer 28

anterior

Question 29

Primary neuron

Answer 29

neuron has a peripheral ending, cell body in posterior root ganglion, and axon leading to secondary neuron

Question 30

secondary neuron

Answer 30

neuron is an interneuron; receives primary input and extends to tertiary neuron or to cerebellum

Question 31

tertiary neuron

Answer 31

interneuron; receives secondary neuron input and extends to somatosensory cortex of parietal lobe of cerebrum

Question 32

segment of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

Answer 32

dermatome

Question 33

network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves

Answer 33

nerve plexus

Question 34

4 main plexuses

Answer 34

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Question 35

True or false: the 4 main plexuses occur bilaterally

Answer 35

true

Question 36

What is innervated by the smaller nerves of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 36

abdominal wall, portions of external genitalia

Question 37

Can superior or inferior gluteal nerves be injured by poorly placed gluteal injection?

Answer 37

yes.

Question 38

Sciatica is characterized by ________

Answer 38

extreme pain down posterior thigh and leg