CHAPTER 7 SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Question 1

4 BASIC BONE FUNCTIONS

Answer 1

SUPPORT/PROTECTION, LEVERS FOR MOVEMENT, HEMATOPOIESIS, STORAGE OF MINERAL AND ENERGY RESERVES

Question 2

HEMATOPOIESIS

Answer 2

BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

Question 3

IN WHICH PART OF THE BONE DOES HEMATOPOIESIS TAKE PLACE

Answer 3

RED BONE MARROW

Question 4

MINERALS STORED IN BONE

Answer 4

CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE

Question 5

COMPACT BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS

Answer 5

80

Question 6

SPONGY BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS

Answer 6

20

Question 7

TYPES OF CARTILAGE

Answer 7

HYALINE, FIBROCARTILAGE

Question 8

HYALINE CARTILAGE

Answer 8

ATTACHES RIBS TO STERNUM, COVERS ENDS OF SOME BONES, MODEL FOR BONE FORMATION WITHIN GROWTH PLATES

Question 9

FIBROCARTILAGE

Answer 9

WEIGHT BEARING. FOUND IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS, PUBIS SYMPHYSIS, MENISCI OF KNEE

Question 10

LIGAMENT VS TENDON

Answer 10

LIGAMENT CONNECTS BONE TO BONE, TENDON CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE

Question 11

4 CLASSES OF BONE BY SHAPE

Answer 11

LONG, SHORT, FLAT, IRREGULAR

Question 12

DIAPHYSIS

Answer 12

ELONGATED, CYLINDRICAL PART OF BONE

Question 13

MEDULLARY CAVITY

Answer 13

HOLLOW, CYLINDRICAL SPACE WITHIN DIAPHYSIS

Question 14

EPIPHYSIS

Answer 14

KNOBBY REGION AT END OF EACH LONG BONE

Question 15

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Answer 15

COVERS JOINT SURFACE. THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE WHICH REDUCES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK IN MOVEABLE JOINTS

Question 16

METAPHYSIS

Answer 16

REGION WHERE BONE WIDENS AND TRANSFERS WEIGHT BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS

Question 17

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

Answer 17

ALSO KNOWN AS GROWTH PLATE

Question 18

EPIPHYSEAL LINE

Answer 18

REMNANT OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATES IN ADULTS

Question 19

PERIOSTEUM

Answer 19

TOUGH SHEATH COVERING OUTER SURFACE OF BONE.

Question 20

THE PERIOSTEUM HAS OUTER FIBROUS LAYER OF ________ CT

Answer 20

DENSE IRREGULAR

Question 21

ENDOSTEUM

Answer 21

COVERS ALL INTERNAL SURFACES OF BONE WITHIN MEDULLARY CAVITY

Question 22

THIN LAYER OF CT CONTAINING OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS, OSTEOBLASTS, AND OSTEOCLASTS

Answer 22

ENDOSTEUM

Question 23

DIPLOE

Answer 23

SPONGY BONE IN FLAT BONE OF SKULL

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE. BONE IS HIGHLY VASCULARIZED

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

NUTRIENT FORAMEN

Answer 25

SMALL OPENING IN HOLE OR BONE. ARTERY ENTRANCE AND VEIN EXIT HERE

Question 26

MYELOID TISSUE AKA

Answer 26

RED BONE MARROW

Question 27

YELLOW BONE MARROW IS THE PRODUCT OF ______ AS CHILDREN MATURE

Answer 27

RED BONE MARROW DEGENERATION

Question 28

WHY WOULD YELLOW BONE MARROW CONVERT BACK TO RED?

Answer 28

SEVERE ANEMIA, CONDITIONS WITH REDUCED ERYTHROCYTES

Question 29

4 CELLS FOUND IN BONE CT

Answer 29

OSTEOPROGENITOR, OSTEOBLAST, OSTEOCYTE, OSTEOCLAST

Question 30

OSTEOPROGENITOR

Answer 30

STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM MESENCHYME. LOCATED IN PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM

Question 31

OSTEOBLAST

Answer 31

SYNETHESIZES AND SECRETES OSTEOID, WHICH LATER CALCIFIES

Question 32

OSTEOCYTE

Answer 32

MATURE BONE CELL DERIVED FROM OSTEOBLAST, WHEN OSTEOBLASTS BECOME ENTRAPPED WITHIN MATRIX AND MATURE

Question 33

OSTEOCLAST

Answer 33

LARGE, MULTINUCLEAR, PHAGOCYTIC CELLS. RUFFLED BORDER INCREASES SURFACE AREA EXPOSE TO BONE.

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE. OSTEOCLASTS ARE INCOLVED IN BONE RESORPTION

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

OSTSEOID CONTENTS AND PURPOSE

Answer 35

CONTAINS COLLAGEN AND SEMISOLID GROUND SUBSTANCE OF PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTEINS. CONTRIBUTES TO BONE FLEXBILITY

Question 36

OSTEON

Answer 36

BASIC FUNTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL UNIT OF MATURE COMPACT BONE

Question 37

CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE

Answer 37

RINGS OF BONE CT.

Question 38

canaliculi

Answer 38

tiny, interconnecting channels within bone CT. allow exchange of nutrients, minerals, gases, and waste between blood vessels and osteocytes

Question 39

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 39

Components of compact bone between osteons or partially resorbed osteons

Question 40

Trabeculae

Answer 40

Open lattice of narrow rods and plates of bones * Bone marrow fills spaces * Meshwork of crisscrossing bars * Resistance to stress

Question 41

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 41

bone growth within a membrane

Question 42

ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme beginning at the ____ week of development

Answer 42

eighth

Question 43

5 zones of epiphyseal plate

Answer 43

zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, zone of calcified cartilage, zone of ossification

Question 44

achondoplasia

Answer 44

abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone

Question 45

how much of the skeleton is replaced yearly?

Answer 45

20%

Question 46

PTH parathyroid hormone

Answer 46

ssecreted and released by parathyroid glands in response to reduced blood calcium levels

Question 47

calcitonin

Answer 47

aids in regulating blood calcium levels, has a less significant role than PTH or calcitriol

Question 48

True or false? osteopenia occurs slightly in all people with age

Answer 48

true