FINALFINAL Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
The cranial cavity houses the
A
brain
2
Q
nucleic acids are made up of
A
nucleotides joined by covalent, phosphodiester bonds
3
Q
in the formation of a compound of sodium chloride
A
sodium donates an electron to chlorine
4
Q
Reaction where biological molecules engage in condensation
A
synthesis
5
Q
closest to trunk
A
proximal
6
Q
3 types of lipids
A
eicosanoid, steriod, triglyceride
7
Q
an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has
A
lost or gained an electron
8
Q
integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed
A
control center homeostatic mechanism
9
Q
of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the
A
epigastric region
10
Q
median space in thoracic cavity
A
mediastinum
11
Q
ionic bonds involve
A
electrostatic interactions between anions and cations
12
Q
structurally, enzymes are generally
A
globular proteins
13
Q
most common lipid in body
A
triglyceride
14
Q
True or false? fatty acids are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water
A
true
15
Q
diagnosing a disease involves determining the
A
cause of the homeostatic imbalance
16
Q
which enzyme class splits a chemical bond in the absence of water?
A
lyase
17
Q
RNA is single stranded and contains
A
uracil
18
Q
2 main divisions of microscopic anatomy
A
cytology, histology
19
Q
polymers made up of amino acid monomers
A
proteins
20
Q
True or false? at temperatures exceeding 104 in the body, enzyme denaturation takes place and reaction rates decrease.
A
true
21
Q
True or false ? phospholipids are hydophobic
A
false. they are amphipathic
22
Q
a protein consists of amino acids linked by
A
peptide bonds
23
Q
fatty acids in soap have a polar end and a nonpolar end. Which of the following best describes these molecules?
A
amphipathic
24
Q
Which of the following has the smallest mass? a neutron, an atomic nucleus, an electron, or a proton?
A
an electorn
25
Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and left side?
lumbar, iliac, hypochondriac
26
When we shiver on a cold day, the heat produced by muscle tissue is a demonstration of which law of thermodynamcis?
second
27
Water has a ____ specific heat, and this tends to keep body temperature ______
high, relatively constant
28
From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is
basale - spinosum- granulosum- lucidum- corneum
29
Which is the actively growing part of the nail?
nail matrix
30
The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromsomes at the pole of each cell
telophase
31
Out of this list, which organelle is not membrane bound?
golgi apparatus
lysosome
mitochondrion
rough ER
microtubule
microtubule
32
In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers and ground substance
33
The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing
primary active transport
34
The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is
anaphase
35
What is the composition of the subcutanous layer?
areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue
36
microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase surface area for absorption and secretion are called
microvilli
37
cells are measured in
micrometers
38
Because they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli and cells that synthesize
proteins
39
Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by
epidermal dendritic cells
40
All connective tissues have 3 features in common. they are
cells, protein fibers, ground substance
41
severe injuries/burns to the skin can result in scars that are
produced by fibroblasts and mainly made of collagen
42
sodium potatssium pump
sodium out potassium in
43
building blocks of DNA double helix
nucleotides
44
The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails. this type of lipid is a
phospholipid
45
skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the
head and neck
46
oxidative fibers are
red and fatigue resistant
47
how many floating ribs do we have?
2
48
Which extrsinsic eye muscle moves through the pulley-like loop?
superior oblique
49
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the
cytosol
50
Of this list, which type of bone would be the best for movement rather than protection?
Long
irregular
short
flat
long
51
the bones of the wrist are classified as
short
52
What kind of joint is the sagittal suture?
fibrous
53
With increased age, skeletal muscles show a decrease in
myofibrils
54
What protein is not found in thin filaments?
myosin
55
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
osteoblasts
56
rickets is caused by a lack of sufficient
vitamin d
57
Which bears more weight? fibula or tibia?
tibia
58
What happens to osteoblasts when bone matrix calcifies and secreting cells are walled in?
they become osteocytes
59
Characteristics of cartilage connective tissue
gel-like ground substance, matrix of protein fibers, cells are called chondrocytes, avascularity
60
The word biceps in the name of a muscle refers to the fact that
the muscle has two tendons of origin
61
3 small bones within each ear
ossicles incus malleus stapes
62
one feature that helps provide fast energy to a muscle cell is the presence of granules containing the complex carb
glycogen
63
bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
calcium, phosphate, lipids
64
during appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
chondroblasts
65
Which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release of calcium ions from reserboirs within the muscle cell and thereby initiates the steps of a contraction
acetylcholine
66
when the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
flexion
67
myogolbin is a molecule within muscle cells that can bind
oxygen
68
this muscle has its inferior attachment on the manubrium and sternal end of the clavicle and its superior attachment on the mastoid process
sternocleidomastoid
69
diarthrosis mobility
freely mobile
70
conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete
a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target
71
glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal cell
72
the smaller structural units that contain bundles of axons within each white matter funiculus are called
tracts
73
the lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the
parietal lobe
74
glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within CNs
oligodendrocytes
75
Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)?
dura mater
76
The primary motor cortex for control of voluntary muscles is found in the
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
77
the glial cell which will occupy the space left by dead or dying neurons
astrocytes
78
glial cell that defends the body against pathogens
microglial
79
Example of a system or function only controlled by sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla
80
glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS
astrocyte
81
cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in the posterior ____ ___
root ganglia
82
the sympathetic division is also called what
thoracolumbar divisioin
83
The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called
sulci
84
CSF leaves the subarachnoid scpace through the ______ and enters the bloodstream
arachnoid villi
85
stage of sleep where we have our most memeorable dreams
REM
86
Each thoracic spinal nerve emerges from intervertebral foramen that is ____ to the vertebra of the same number
inferior
87
Which portion of a reflex arc is likely to be located entirely within the CNS?
interneuron
88
Which statement is consistent with what we currently understand about neurons?
Most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons
89
glial cells differ from neurons in that they are
smaller and capable of mitosis
90
function of myelin
produce faster nerve impulse propagation
91
glial cell responsible for PNS myelination
neurolemmocyte
92
space containing cerebrospinal fluid
subarachnoid
93
motor neurons contain their cell bodies in the _____ and axons in the ________
posterior root, anterior horn
94
electrical synapses involve coupling of neurons by
gap junctions
95
