chapter 2

Question 1

atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons

Question 2

mass number

Answer 2

number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

isotope

Answer 3

variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 4

atomic weight

Answer 4

average mass numbers of all isotopic forms

Question 5

electron orbitals

Answer 5

volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

Question 6

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 6

adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

what is the function of ATP?

Answer 7

transfer and storage of energy

Question 8

DNA replication process

Answer 8

each strand is copied. replication is guided by base pairing. end result is 2 separate double strands. allows making new DNA molecules to pass on genetic message

Question 9

DNA is formed by 2 very long _________ strands linked along their length by _______ between the nitrogenous bases

Answer 9

polynucleotide, hydrogen bonds

Question 10

What is DNA?

Answer 10

deoxyribonucleic acid. function : hereditary material

Question 11

what is RNA?

Answer 11

ribonucleic acid. function : organize protein synthesis

Question 12

function of proteins

Answer 12

support, enzymes, transport, defense, movement

Question 13

primary structure of a protein

Answer 13

series of amino acids bound in a chain.

Question 14

secondary structure of a protein

Answer 14

the chain starts folding due to hydrogen bonds

Question 15

tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 15

forms when portions of the secondary structure further interact by forming covalent disulfide bonds and additional interactions. from this emerges a stable 3-dimensional molecule. depending on the protein, this may be the final functional state.

Question 16

quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 16

only exists in proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain.

Question 17

true or false? proteins are the predominant molecules in cells.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Why is cholesterol inserted into the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 18

It reinforces the membrane

Question 19

True or False? glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group forms a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 19

true.

Question 20

where are steroids found

Answer 20

cell membranes, animal hormones

Question 21

true or false? phospholipids are a major cell membrane component.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

do triglycerides function in energy storage?

Answer 22

yes.

Question 23

what are the 4 lipid classifications?

Answer 23

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 24

what do polysaccharides provide?

Answer 24

cell structure, adhesion, and metabolism

Question 25

loss of water in a polymerization reaction

Answer 25

dehydration synthesis

Question 26

What links subunits of disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 26

glycosidic bonds

Question 27

3 common carbohydrate configurations

Answer 27

monosaccharide (polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone with 3 to 7 carbons), disaccharide (2 monosaccharides), polysaccharide (5 or more monosaccharides)

Question 28

True or false : macromolecules are large compounds assembled from smaller subunits

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Polar covalent bonds: equal or unequal sharing?

Answer 29

unequal

Question 30

nonpolar covalent bonds : equal or unequal sharing?

Answer 30

equal

Question 31

weak bonds between hydrogen and other atoms

Answer 31

hydrogen bonds

Question 32

compounds containing carbon bonded to hydrogens

Answer 32

organic

Question 33

True or false? lipids are created by dehydration synthesis.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

C,G,A,T

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

CGAU

Answer 35

RNA