Chapter 14

Question 1

Ecosystems

Answer 1

community of living organisms and their non-living environment

Question 2

Producer

Answer 2

organism that makes its own food

Question 3

Consumer

Answer 3

organism that eats other organisms

Question 4

Decomposer

Answer 4

organism that feeds by breaking down dead remains of other organisms

Question 5

Biotic factor

Answer 5

biological factor affecting an ecosystem

Question 6

Abiotic factor

Answer 6

physical or chemical factor affecting an ecosystem

Question 7

Habitat

Answer 7

the place where an organism lives

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

all organisms of one species living in a particular habitat at one time

Question 9

Community

Answer 9

all organisms of all species found in a certain area at one time

Question 10

Quadrat

Answer 10

square used in ecological investigations to sample plants/animals

Question 11

Biodiversity

Answer 11

the amount of variation of organisms in an ecosystem (measure of numbers and abundance

Question 12

Food chain

Answer 12

flow diagram showing feeding relationships in an ecosystem

Question 13

Primary consumer

Answer 13

organism that feeds on producers

Question 14

Herbivore

Answer 14

animal that feeds on plants

Question 15

Secondary consumer

Answer 15

organism that feeds on primary consumer

Question 16

Carnivore

Answer 16

animal that feeds on other animals

Question 17

Trophic levels

Answer 17

different feeding levels of a food chain

Question 18

Tertiary consumer

Answer 18

organism that feeds on secondary consumers

Question 19

Quaternary consumer

Answer 19

organism that feeds on tertiary consumers

Question 20

Food web

Answer 20

diagram showing the way several food chains are linked in an ecosystem

Question 21

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 21

diagram where blocks of pyramid represent numbers of organisms at each trophic level

Question 22

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 22

diagram where blocks of pyramid represent total mass of organisms at each trophic level

Question 23

Biomass

Answer 23

total mass of organisms

Question 24

Decomposition

Answer 24

breakdown of dead remains of organisms helping to recycle nutrients

Question 25

Nitrifying bacteria

Answer 25

bacteria in nitrogen cycle, oxidise ammonia to nitrite and that to nitrate

Question 26

Denitrifying bacteria

Answer 26

bacteria in nitrogen cycle, converts nitrates into nitrogen

Question 27

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Answer 27

bacteria in nitrogen cycle, converts nitrogen into ammonia (live in soil or root nodules)

Question 28

Root nodules

Answer 28

swellings on roots of legumes, contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 29

Mutualism

Answer 29

relationship between 2 organisms where both benefit from it

Question 30

Assimilation

Answer 30

manufacture of new substances in cells using products of digestion