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Chapter 5 Flashcards

Blood and Transport (34 cards)

1
Q

Single circulatory

A

system in fish where blood passes from heart to gills to body before returning to heart

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2
Q

Double circulatory

A

system in mammals where blood passes through heart to lungs back to heart then to rest of body

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary artery back to heart via pulmonary vein

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

part of double circulation, supplies blood to all parts of body except lungs

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5
Q

Artery

A

blood vessel, thick muscular wall narrow lumen, carries blood away from heart

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6
Q

Vein

A

blood vessel, thin muscular wall wide lumen, carries blood to heart

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7
Q

Capillary

A

microscopic blood vessel, carries blood through organs and allows substance exchange between blood and cells of organ

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8
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

valve in heart between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow when ventricle contracts

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9
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

valve in heart between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow of blood when ventricle contracts

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10
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

sequence of events taking place in heart during one heartbeat

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11
Q

Ventricle

A

two lower chambers of heart, pump blood out via aorta (left) pulmonary artery (right)

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12
Q

Atrium

A

two upper chambers of heart where blood enters from vena cava (right) and pulmonary vein (left)

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13
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

specialised muscle makes up heart wall able to contract without fatigue

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14
Q

Coronary arteries

A

small arteries supplying blood to heart muscle

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15
Q

Coronary veins

A

small veins carrying blood away from heart muscle

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16
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

disease caused by blockage of coronary arteries, build-up of fatty material, cuts off blood supply, results in heart attack

17
Q

Secretion

A

release of fluid or substance from cell or tissue

18
Q

Adrenaline

A

hormone secreted by adrenal glands, stimulates “fight or flight” response

19
Q

Medulla (brain)

A

part of brain that controls basic body functions (heart rate, breathing rate)

20
Q

Reflex actions

A

rapid, automatic, involuntary response

21
Q

Semilunar valves

A

valves present in aorta and pulmonary artery, prevents backflow of blood when ventricles relax

22
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

23
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

haemoglobin bound to oxygen

24
Q

Phagocytes

A

cells capable of phagocytosis

25
Phagocytosis
process by which cells engulf and digest material
26
Antibodies
a protein produced by lymphocytes binds with foreign antigens (immune response)
27
Lymphocytes
type of white blood cell, produces antibodies
28
Antigens
chemical “marker” on surface of cell that identifies it as “self” or “non-self"
29
Memory cells
cells formed by lymphocytes during immune response, remain for many years producing long lasting immunity to disease
30
Immune response
how body deals with pathogenic organism, production of memory cells, respond to infection, divide to give many antibody-producing cells
31
Vaccination
artificially supplying antigens to a person to stimulate immune response and protect against disease-causing pathogen
32
Platelets
small fragments of cells in blood, release chemicals involved in blood clotting
33
Fibrinogen
protein in blood plasma, forms insoluble fibres of fibrin during blood clotting
34
Fibrin
protein formed from fibrinogen during blood clotting