Chapter 5

Question 1

Single circulatory

Answer 1

system in fish where blood passes from heart to gills to body before returning to heart

Question 2

Double circulatory

Answer 2

system in mammals where blood passes through heart to lungs back to heart then to rest of body

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

circulation of blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary artery back to heart via pulmonary vein

Question 4

Systemic circulation

Answer 4

part of double circulation, supplies blood to all parts of body except lungs

Question 5

Artery

Answer 5

blood vessel, thick muscular wall narrow lumen, carries blood away from heart

Question 6

Vein

Answer 6

blood vessel, thin muscular wall wide lumen, carries blood to heart

Question 7

Capillary

Answer 7

microscopic blood vessel, carries blood through organs and allows substance exchange between blood and cells of organ

Question 8

Bicuspid valve

Answer 8

valve in heart between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow when ventricle contracts

Question 9

Tricuspid valve

Answer 9

valve in heart between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow of blood when ventricle contracts

Question 10

Cardiac cycle

Answer 10

sequence of events taking place in heart during one heartbeat

Question 11

Ventricle

Answer 11

two lower chambers of heart, pump blood out via aorta (left) pulmonary artery (right)

Question 12

Atrium

Answer 12

two upper chambers of heart where blood enters from vena cava (right) and pulmonary vein (left)

Question 13

Cardiac muscle

Answer 13

specialised muscle makes up heart wall able to contract without fatigue

Question 14

Coronary arteries

Answer 14

small arteries supplying blood to heart muscle

Question 15

Coronary veins

Answer 15

small veins carrying blood away from heart muscle

Question 16

Coronary heart disease

Answer 16

disease caused by blockage of coronary arteries, build-up of fatty material, cuts off blood supply, results in heart attack

Question 17

Secretion

Answer 17

release of fluid or substance from cell or tissue

Question 18

Adrenaline

Answer 18

hormone secreted by adrenal glands, stimulates “fight or flight” response

Question 19

Medulla (brain)

Answer 19

part of brain that controls basic body functions (heart rate, breathing rate)

Question 20

Reflex actions

Answer 20

rapid, automatic, involuntary response

Question 21

Semilunar valves

Answer 21

valves present in aorta and pulmonary artery, prevents backflow of blood when ventricles relax

Question 22

Erythrocytes

Answer 22

red blood cells

Question 23

Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 23

haemoglobin bound to oxygen

Question 24

Phagocytes

Answer 24

cells capable of phagocytosis

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

process by which cells engulf and digest material

Question 26

Antibodies

Answer 26

a protein produced by lymphocytes binds with foreign antigens (immune response)

Question 27

Lymphocytes

Answer 27

type of white blood cell, produces antibodies

Question 28

Antigens

Answer 28

chemical “marker” on surface of cell that identifies it as “self” or “non-self"

Question 29

Memory cells

Answer 29

cells formed by lymphocytes during immune response, remain for many years producing long lasting immunity to disease

Question 30

Immune response

Answer 30

how body deals with pathogenic organism, production of memory cells, respond to infection, divide to give many antibody-producing cells

Question 31

Vaccination

Answer 31

artificially supplying antigens to a person to stimulate immune response and protect against disease-causing pathogen

Question 32

Platelets

Answer 32

small fragments of cells in blood, release chemicals involved in blood clotting

Question 33

Fibrinogen

Answer 33

protein in blood plasma, forms insoluble fibres of fibrin during blood clotting

Question 34

Fibrin

Answer 34

protein formed from fibrinogen during blood clotting