Chapter 5 Flashcards
Blood and Transport (34 cards)
Single circulatory
system in fish where blood passes from heart to gills to body before returning to heart
Double circulatory
system in mammals where blood passes through heart to lungs back to heart then to rest of body
Pulmonary circulation
circulation of blood from heart to lungs via pulmonary artery back to heart via pulmonary vein
Systemic circulation
part of double circulation, supplies blood to all parts of body except lungs
Artery
blood vessel, thick muscular wall narrow lumen, carries blood away from heart
Vein
blood vessel, thin muscular wall wide lumen, carries blood to heart
Capillary
microscopic blood vessel, carries blood through organs and allows substance exchange between blood and cells of organ
Bicuspid valve
valve in heart between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow when ventricle contracts
Tricuspid valve
valve in heart between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow of blood when ventricle contracts
Cardiac cycle
sequence of events taking place in heart during one heartbeat
Ventricle
two lower chambers of heart, pump blood out via aorta (left) pulmonary artery (right)
Atrium
two upper chambers of heart where blood enters from vena cava (right) and pulmonary vein (left)
Cardiac muscle
specialised muscle makes up heart wall able to contract without fatigue
Coronary arteries
small arteries supplying blood to heart muscle
Coronary veins
small veins carrying blood away from heart muscle
Coronary heart disease
disease caused by blockage of coronary arteries, build-up of fatty material, cuts off blood supply, results in heart attack
Secretion
release of fluid or substance from cell or tissue
Adrenaline
hormone secreted by adrenal glands, stimulates “fight or flight” response
Medulla (brain)
part of brain that controls basic body functions (heart rate, breathing rate)
Reflex actions
rapid, automatic, involuntary response
Semilunar valves
valves present in aorta and pulmonary artery, prevents backflow of blood when ventricles relax
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
Oxyhaemoglobin
haemoglobin bound to oxygen
Phagocytes
cells capable of phagocytosis