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Chapter 9 Flashcards

reproduction in humans (34 cards)

1
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

reproduction involving fusion of male and female gametes

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2
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

reproduction where new organisms separate from single parent

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3
Q

Gametes

A

male and female sex cells, formed by meiosis

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4
Q

Sperm

A

male gamete of an animal

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5
Q

Ovum

A

female gamete of an animal

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6
Q

Fertilisation

A

fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

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7
Q

Zygote

A

single cell, the result of fertilisation

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8
Q

Gene

A

part of chromosome, length of DNA, controls characteristic of an organism by coding for the production of specific proteins

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9
Q

Mitosis

A

type of cell division, produces diploid cells for growth and repair of tissues

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

type of cell division, produces haploid cells (gametes)

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11
Q

Diploid

A

number of chromosomes found in body cells

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12
Q

Flagellum

A

in animal cells: tail-like structure, produces movement

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13
Q

Ejaculate

A

release of semen during sexual intercourse

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14
Q

Differentiation

A

process where cells become specialised to do particular functions

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15
Q

Oviduct

A

tube leading from ovary to uterus (aka fallopian tube)

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16
Q

Ovulation

A

release of ovum from a follicle in the ovary

17
Q

Embryo

A

multicellular structure formed by division of zygote

18
Q

Placenta

A

organ in mammals, keeps blood vessels of embryo close to mother’s ones to allow exchange of substances between mother’s and embryo’s blood.

19
Q

Progesterone

A

female sex hormone, made by the corpus luteum and placenta. Helps thicken and maintain uterus lining. A drop in its levels stimulates menstruation.

20
Q

Amnion

A

membrane enclosing embryo during pregnancy

21
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

fluid secreted by amnion, protects embryo, acts as shock absorber

22
Q

Foetus

A

unborn offspring of a mammal

23
Q

Cervix

A

neck of uterus

24
Q

Puberty

A

time when developmental changes take place in humans, leads to sexual maturity

25
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
hormone made by pituitary gland, stimulates maturation of eggs/production of sperm
26
Luteinising hormone (LH)
hormone produced by pituitary gland, stimulates release of eggs/production of oestrogen
27
Testosterone
male sex hormone, responsible for development of 2nd sex characteristics
28
Secondary sexual characteristics
changes taking place in bodies of girls/boys at puberty
29
Oestrogen
female sex hormone, controls the development of female sex characteristics and reparation of uterine lining
30
Menstrual cycle
monthly cycle of events preparing a woman’s uterus for the possibility of a pregnancy
31
Ovulation
release of ovum from a follicle in ovary
32
Period
common name for loss of blood during the menstrual cycle
33
Follicle
structure on a mammalian ovary that contains a single developing ovum
34
Corpus luteum
remains of an ovarian follicle after ovulation, secretes progesterone