Chapter 9

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

reproduction involving fusion of male and female gametes

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

reproduction where new organisms separate from single parent

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

male and female sex cells, formed by meiosis

Question 4

Sperm

Answer 4

male gamete of an animal

Question 5

Ovum

Answer 5

female gamete of an animal

Question 6

Fertilisation

Answer 6

fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 7

Zygote

Answer 7

single cell, the result of fertilisation

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

part of chromosome, length of DNA, controls characteristic of an organism by coding for the production of specific proteins

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

type of cell division, produces diploid cells for growth and repair of tissues

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

type of cell division, produces haploid cells (gametes)

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

number of chromosomes found in body cells

Question 12

Flagellum

Answer 12

in animal cells: tail-like structure, produces movement

Question 13

Ejaculate

Answer 13

release of semen during sexual intercourse

Question 14

Differentiation

Answer 14

process where cells become specialised to do particular functions

Question 15

Oviduct

Answer 15

tube leading from ovary to uterus (aka fallopian tube)

Question 16

Ovulation

Answer 16

release of ovum from a follicle in the ovary

Question 17

Embryo

Answer 17

multicellular structure formed by division of zygote

Question 18

Placenta

Answer 18

organ in mammals, keeps blood vessels of embryo close to mother’s ones to allow exchange of substances between mother’s and embryo’s blood.

Question 19

Progesterone

Answer 19

female sex hormone, made by the corpus luteum and placenta. Helps thicken and maintain uterus lining. A drop in its levels stimulates menstruation.

Question 20

Amnion

Answer 20

membrane enclosing embryo during pregnancy

Question 21

Amniotic fluid

Answer 21

fluid secreted by amnion, protects embryo, acts as shock absorber

Question 22

Foetus

Answer 22

unborn offspring of a mammal

Question 23

Cervix

Answer 23

neck of uterus

Question 24

Puberty

Answer 24

time when developmental changes take place in humans, leads to sexual maturity

Question 25

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 25

hormone made by pituitary gland, stimulates maturation of eggs/production of sperm

Question 26

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 26

hormone produced by pituitary gland, stimulates release of eggs/production of oestrogen

Question 27

Testosterone

Answer 27

male sex hormone, responsible for development of 2nd sex characteristics

Question 28

Secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 28

changes taking place in bodies of girls/boys at puberty

Question 29

Oestrogen

Answer 29

female sex hormone, controls the development of female sex characteristics and reparation of uterine lining

Question 30

Menstrual cycle

Answer 30

monthly cycle of events preparing a woman’s uterus for the possibility of a pregnancy

Question 31

Ovulation

Answer 31

release of ovum from a follicle in ovary

Question 32

Period

Answer 32

common name for loss of blood during the menstrual cycle

Question 33

Follicle

Answer 33

structure on a mammalian ovary that contains a single developing ovum

Question 34

Corpus luteum

Answer 34

remains of an ovarian follicle after ovulation, secretes progesterone