Chapter 14 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Psychological disorders
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.
Medical model
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
.DSM-IV
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, with an updated, “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
Neurotic disorders
mental disorders that cause significant distress but do not arise from brain abnormalities & where the subject does not display irrational thought patterns.
Psychotic disorders
severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. people with psychoses lose touch with reality, two main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations.
Anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or manipulative behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal.
Phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes - long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Somatoform disorders
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take somatic (bodily) from without apparent physical cause.
Conversion disorder
a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.
Hypothondriasis
a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations of a disease, or, a constant fear of illness & a preoccupation with their heath.
Dissociative disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of the 3 symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Amnesia
the loss of memory.
Fugue
one or more episodes of amnesia in which the inability to recall some of all of one’s past & either the loss of one’s identity/formation of a new identity occur with sudden unexpected, purposeful travel away from home.
Dissociative identity disorder (MP) - Multiple personalities.
a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct & alternating personalities.
Mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
Mania
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, widely optimistic state.
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized & delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, & inappropriate emotions & actions.
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
Personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible & enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which the person ( usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrong doing, even toward friends and family members. may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
